Question 1

According to the text, the _____ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _____ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.

Accepted Answer

A)   open; closed
B)   closed; open
C)   variable; fixed
D)   open; fixedE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that require no learning is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   habit
B)   instinct
C)   imprinting
D)   inhabitationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

According to ethological theory, behaviors are inhibited by:

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed action patterns
B)   appetitive action patterns
C)   innate releasing mechanisms
D)   learned releasing mechanismsE) All of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 4

If a person's boss yells at her at work, and she comes home and yells at her kids, it could be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   ethological displacement
B)   simultaneous ambivalent behavior
C)   redirected behavior
D)   ethological enhancement activityE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Researchers who investigate how animals interpret information, or who study whether or not animals have conscious awareness, most likely would be in the field of:

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive neuroscience
B)   animal development
C)   cognitive ethology
D)   experimental psychologyE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a property of a fixed action pattern? The fixed action pattern is:

Accepted Answer

A)   stereotyped
B)   independent of immediate external control
C)   entirely learned
D)   spontaneousE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

An important aspect of the shyness studies of Kagan and colleagues (1988)  is that it shows:

Accepted Answer

A)   that certain traits like shyness are entirely genetic, regardless of environment
B)   that certain traits like shyness are entirely learned, regardless of genetics
C)   shyness is due entirely to cultural norms
D)   how nature and nurture interact to produce some behaviorsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

The arched back of a cat may be an expression of two motives (for example, to attack and to flee) , which would be an example of which type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement
B)   redirected behavior
C)   simultaneous ambivalent behavior
D)   successive ambivalent behaviorE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

An example of a _____ stimulus is when a bird prefers an egg that is larger than its normal- size egg.

Accepted Answer

A)   social
B)   supernormal
C)   subliminal
D)   extraordinaryE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Environmental stimuli which act as keys to allow behavior to occur are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   innate releasing mechanisms
B)   sign stimuli
C)   fixed action patterns
D)   action specific energyE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The anthropomorphic method of analysis used by McDougall:

Accepted Answer

A)   stresses the continuity between humans and animals
B)   clearly distinguished between instinct and learning
C)   is recognized today as being too objective
D)   could only be applied to animalsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972) , the "eyebrow flick," or brief lifting of the eyebrows in humans, signals:

Accepted Answer

A)   recognition of someone who is familiar
B)   recognition of someone who is a possible threat
C)   the first move in an aggressive encounter
D)   an intention of courtshipE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Trying to teach a dog to yawn for food is apparently impossible. Seligman would classify this behavior as:

Accepted Answer

A)   unprepared.
B)   contraprepared
C)   prepared
D)   unpreparedE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

A relatively new field of research, defined as "the analysis of the human mind as a collection of evolved mechanisms, the contexts that activate those mechanisms and the behavior generated by those mechanisms" is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive neuroscience
B)   evolutionary psychology
C)   biological psychology
D)   positive psychologyE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Among the problems with the early instinct theories was the idea of the nominal fallacy, which means that:

Accepted Answer

A)   labeling or naming something does not explain it
B)   the idea of instincts was a fallacy; there are no such things as instincts
C)   instincts are either inhibited or become habits
D)   instincts are the same as learned behaviorsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972)  and other researchers, many facial expressions in humans:

Accepted Answer

A)   are learned at an early age
B)   are extremely variable from culture to culture
C)   cannot be properly interpreted by scientists
D)   may signal recognition or other social communicationE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

"Hair flipping" behavior in human females, ritualized flight, and smiling then looking away can all be construed as what type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   dominant
B)   submissive
C)   flirting
D)   aggressiveE) B) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 18

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _____ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _____ programs.

Accepted Answer

A)   closed; open
B)   open; closed
C)   short; long
D)   fixed; flexibleE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

According to the text, the main difference between taxes and fixed action patterns (FAPs)  is:

Accepted Answer

A)   taxes are innate and FAPs are learned
B)   FAPs are innate and taxes are learned
C)   taxes are responsive to change, but FAPs are not
D)   taxes are unresponsive to change, while FAPs are modifiableE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The response that a key stimulus releases is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed action pattern
B)   stimulation response
C)   innate action pattern
D)   superoptimal responseE) None of the above
F) A) and B) A

Exam 2: Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

According to the text, the _____ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _____ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that require no learning is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to ethological theory, behaviors are inhibited by:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

If a person's boss yells at her at work, and she comes home and yells at her kids, it could be an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers who investigate how animals interpret information, or who study whether or not animals have conscious awareness, most likely would be in the field of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a property of a fixed action pattern? The fixed action pattern is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An important aspect of the shyness studies of Kagan and colleagues (1988) is that it shows:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arched back of a cat may be an expression of two motives (for example, to attack and to flee) , which would be an example of which type of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of a _____ stimulus is when a bird prefers an egg that is larger than its normal- size egg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Environmental stimuli which act as keys to allow behavior to occur are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anthropomorphic method of analysis used by McDougall:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972) , the "eyebrow flick," or brief lifting of the eyebrows in humans, signals:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trying to teach a dog to yawn for food is apparently impossible. Seligman would classify this behavior as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A relatively new field of research, defined as "the analysis of the human mind as a collection of evolved mechanisms, the contexts that activate those mechanisms and the behavior generated by those mechanisms" is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among the problems with the early instinct theories was the idea of the nominal fallacy, which means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972) and other researchers, many facial expressions in humans:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Hair flipping" behavior in human females, ritualized flight, and smiling then looking away can all be construed as what type of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _____ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _____ programs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, the main difference between taxes and fixed action patterns (FAPs) is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The response that a key stimulus releases is called the:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to the text, the _ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _ programs.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A