Question 1

The alternating between attack and escape responses of a male stickleback when it meets another male intruding in its territory is an example of what type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement
B)   redirected behavior
C)   simultaneous ambivalent behavior
D)   successive ambivalent behaviorE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

The branch of biology that concerns itself with the study of the evolution, development and function of behavior of animals and humans in their natural habitats is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   anthropology
B)   psychology
C)   ethology
D)   ethnographyE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

If two or more sign stimuli are present simultaneously, which general type of behavior is likely to result?

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressive
B)   conflict
C)   dominant
D)   displacementE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

Rowland's (1989)  finding that female sticklebacks preferred dummy males who were larger than normal male sticklebacks fits ethological theory because it shows how:

Accepted Answer

A)   mate size is important in the mating behavior of sticklebacks
B)   preference for a superoptimal male stimulus does not provide advantages
C)   organisms' reactions to environmental stimuli are learned
D)   males are able to interact with femalesE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

According to William McDougall, which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   instincts consist of cognitive, affective and conative components
B)   all behavior is instinctive
C)   some instinctive behavior is purposive
D)   instincts can never be changed or modifiedE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

In Tinbergen's study of mating in stickleback fish, the female triggers the male courtship ritual. She would be called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   social releaser
B)   appetitive behavior
C)   action specific energy
D)   innate releasing mechanismE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of intraspecific aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)   encourages mobbing behavior
B)   spreads animals out
C)   strongest animals get best territories
D)   protects young from predatorsE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a category of conflict behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   successive ambivalent behavior
B)   redirected behavior
C)   reaction chain behavior
D)   ethological displacementE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

When two equally strong motives are in conflict and are inhibiting each other, what type of behavior is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement
B)   redirected behavior
C)   simultaneous ambivalent behavior
D)   successive ambivalent behaviorE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

A socialization process in which a young individual forms an attachment to its parents is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   imprinting
B)   social learning
C)   social signaling
D)   instinctive attachmentE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Studies done by Ekman and others indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   many human facial expressions might be considered universal
B)   human facial expressions vary from culture to culture around the world
C)   facial expressions are not important for communication among humans
D)   appeasement gestures help initiate violent or aggressive behaviors between peopleE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT a component of instincts, according to William McDougall?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition
B)   learning
C)   emotion
D)   conationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

According to Seligman (1970) , _____ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _____ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses.

Accepted Answer

A)   prepared; contraprepared
B)   prepared; unprepared
C)   contraprepared; prepared
D)   unprepared; preparedE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

According to Mattingly and others, speech and language:

Accepted Answer

A)   may serve as both a representation of our experiences and as a phonetic releaser system
B)   have no genetic component, only learned components
C)   are entirely innate
D)   can be learned only during a critical period from birth to two years of ageE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of early instinct theories?

Accepted Answer

A)   arbitrary lists of instincts do not help us understand behaviors
B)   scientists do not agree on how many types of instincts exist
C)   behaviors are responses to both internal and external stimuli
D)   the idea that behavior may come from genetic programsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of imprinting as described in the text? Imprinting:

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs most readily during a sensitive period of the organism's life
B)   is permanent and irreversible
C)   is independent of reinforcement
D)   is only effective for femalesE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of intraspecific aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)   to spread conspecifics out over a larger physical area
B)   to provide the strongest animals with the best territories
C)   to provide protection of the young from predators
D)   to allow the weakest animal to be killed, insuring "survival of the fittest"E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 18

A list of all behaviors observed in a species is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   an ethogram
B)   a species gram
C)   a species list
D)   an ethnographic listE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Human adults tend to retain juvenile traits into adulthood more than other primates. This is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   juvenile plasticity
B)   neoteny
C)   stereotypy
D)   appeasementE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Three major types of intraspecific aggression mentioned by Lorenz in his book, On Aggression, are:

Accepted Answer

A)   predatory attack, mobbing behavior, and critical reaction
B)   quiet biting attack, mobbing behavior, and critical reaction
C)   defensive attack, mob attack, and predatory attack
D)   group attack, group reaction, and mobbing behaviorE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

In Tinbergen's study of mating in stickleback fish, the female triggers the male courtship ritual. She would be called the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Mattingly and others, speech and language:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to William McDougall, which of the following is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman (1970) , _____ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _____ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two equally strong motives are in conflict and are inhibiting each other, what type of behavior is likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human adults tend to retain juvenile traits into adulthood more than other primates. This is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of intraspecific aggression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A socialization process in which a young individual forms an attachment to its parents is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rowland's (1989) finding that female sticklebacks preferred dummy males who were larger than normal male sticklebacks fits ethological theory because it shows how:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The branch of biology that concerns itself with the study of the evolution, development and function of behavior of animals and humans in their natural habitats is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A list of all behaviors observed in a species is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If two or more sign stimuli are present simultaneously, which general type of behavior is likely to result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of early instinct theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of imprinting as described in the text? Imprinting:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The alternating between attack and escape responses of a male stickleback when it meets another male intruding in its territory is an example of what type of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a category of conflict behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was NOT a component of instincts, according to William McDougall?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies done by Ekman and others indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of intraspecific aggression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three major types of intraspecific aggression mentioned by Lorenz in his book, On Aggression, are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to Seligman (1970) , _ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses.

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