Question 1

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   intracellular fluid
C)   interstitial fluid
D)   lymphE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

The predominant extracellular anion is

Accepted Answer

A)   protein.
B)   phosphate.
C)   bicarbonate.
D)   chloride.
E)   sodium.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  amount of bicarbonate ions in the urine during compensation for alkalosis; (2)  amount of bicarbonate ions in the urine during compensation for acidosis

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 4

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased renal blood flow
B)   increased blood osmolality
C)   increased atrial natriuretic hormone production
D)   increased blood pressure
E)   decreased blood osmolalityF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   increased secretion of hydrogen ions.
B)   decreased secretion of hydrogen ions.
C)   no change in secretion of hydrogen ions.D) All of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 6

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium.
B)   potassium.
C)   chloride.
D)   phosphate.
E)   hydrogen ion.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH.
B)   PTH.
C)   calcitonin.
D)   aldosterone.
E)   insulin.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)   release of renin by the kidney
B)   release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
C)   sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
D)   angiotensinogen →\rightarrow→  angiotensin I
E)   angiotensin I  →\rightarrow→  angiotensin II F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Accepted Answer

A)   insensible perspiration; blood volume
B)   insensible perspiration; heat loss
C)   sensible perspiration; blood volume
D)   sensible perspiration; temperatureE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Match the symptom with one of the causes.
-hypopolarization of cardiac muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia
B)  hypokalemiaC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 11

Chloride ions

Accepted Answer

A)   are cations.
B)   are found only inside cells.
C)   are part of the DNA molecule.
D)   are regulated with Na+.
E)   are not found in extracellular fluid.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   bicarbonate buffer system
B)   phosphate buffer system
C)   protein buffer system
D)   NaCl buffer system
E)   hemoglobin bufferF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-excessive intake of antacids

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis
B)  respiratory alkalosis
C)  metabolic acidosis
D)  metabolic alkalosisE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "D" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased BP
B)   increased renin secretion
C)   angiotensinogen
D)   angiotensin II
E)   increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BPF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Calcium balance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH and parathyroid hormone levels.
B)   ADH and aldosterone levels.
C)   parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels.
D)   aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels.
E)   insulin and glucagon.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Azetazolamide (Diamox)  is a diuretic. It functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This slows the formation of carbonic acid. By slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule, sodium reabsorption is also slowed. This results in the diuretic effect. Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide. (1)  acidosis
(2)  reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3)  an alkaline urine is produced
(4)  respiration increases

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 4
B)   2, 3
C)   1, 2, 3
D)   2, 3, 4
E)   1, 2, 3, 4F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Accepted Answer

A)   baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.
B)   elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.
C)   the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.
D)   aldosterone levels increase.
E)   baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Accepted Answer

A)   increases.
B)   decreases.
C)   remains the same.D) A) and B)
E) B) and C)

Question 20

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased BP
B)   increased renin secretion
C)   angiotensinogen
D)   angiotensin II
E)   increased sodium and water reabsorption results in increased BPF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct Answer
verified

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Match the symptom with one of the causes. -hypopolarization of cardiac muscle

Correct Answer
verified

The predominant extracellular anion is

Correct Answer
verified

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called and is important in __ control.

Correct Answer
verified

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Correct Answer
verified

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Correct Answer
verified

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) amount of bicarbonate ions in the urine during compensation for alkalosis; (2) amount of bicarbonate ions in the urine during compensation for acidosis

Correct Answer
verified

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Correct Answer
verified

Calcium balance is influenced by

Correct Answer
verified

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Correct Answer
verified

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "B" represent?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Chloride ions

Correct Answer
verified

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -excessive intake of antacids

Correct Answer
verified

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "D" represent?

Correct Answer
verified

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the symptom with one of the causes. -hypopolarization of cardiac muscle

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The predominant extracellular anion is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) amount of bicarbonate ions in the urine during compensation for alkalosis; (2) amount of bicarbonate ions in the urine during compensation for acidosis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium balance is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "B" represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloride ions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -excessive intake of antacids

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The diagram illustrates the effect of BP on sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. What does "D" represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called and is important in __ control.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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