Question 1

Choose the term that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus
B)  macula densa
C)  juxtaglomerular cells
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus
E)  afferent arterioleF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport.
B)  cotransport.
C)  solvent drag.
D)  osmosis.
E)  None of these choices is correct.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
B)  stratified squamous epithelium
C)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D)  simple columnar cells with microvilli and ciliaE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  transitional epithelium
B)  stratified squamous epithelium
C)  pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)  stratified columnar epitheliumE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery
(2) interlobular artery
(3) segmental artery
(4) arcuate artery
(5) afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,3,4,5
B)  1,4,2,3,5
C)  3,1,2,4,5
D)  2,1,3,5,4
E)  1,4,3,2F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule
B)  collecting duct
C)  loop of Henle
D)  vasa recta
E)  proximal convoluted tubuleF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a double set of venules.
B)  blood flows from arterioles into venules.
C)  blood flows from venules into arterioles.
D)  each nephron has at least two capillary networks.
E)  the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium ions.
B)  chloride ions.
C)  bicarbonate.
D)  amino acids.
E)  sodium.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate,they respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing afferent arteriole constriction.
B)  decreasing urine production.
C)  decreasing renin secretion.
D)  increasing aldosterone secretion.
E)  increasing renin secretionF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only sodium diffuses from the descending limb.
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb.
C)  Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported into the vasa recta.
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through.
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased renin secretion.
B)  decreased ADH secretion.
C)  suppression of thirst.
D)  stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
E)  decreased renin secretion.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Urine formation involves

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration of the plasma.
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate.
C)  secretion into the filtrate.
D)  production of red blood cells.
E)  filtration of the plasma,reabsorption from the filtrate,and the secretion into the filtrate.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporating aquaporin-3 channels into the apical membrane.
B)  increasing the number of sodium transpot proteins in the membranes.
C)  incorporating aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane.
D)  decreasing the number of aquaporin-4 channels in the apical membrane.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen.
B)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell.
C)  sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell.
D)  sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.
E)  sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

The kidneys produce renin when

Accepted Answer

A)  the urine becomes acidic.
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate.
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases.
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases.
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb glucose.
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule.
C)  actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions.
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present.
E)  do not alter their permeability to water.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

What are the arteries which diverge from the interlobar arteries near the base of the renal pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcuate
B)  Pertibular
C)  Segmental
D)  Renal
E)  InterlobularF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines.
B)  osmotic diuretics.
C)  thiazide diuretics.
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following events would increase filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in capsular pressure
B)  constriction of the efferent arteriole
C)  increase in colloid osmotic pressure
D)  decrease in renal blood flow
E)  dilation of the efferent arterioleF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle
B)  collecting duct
C)  renal corpuscle
D)  proximal convoluted tubule
E)  distal convoluted tubuleF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Exam 26: Urinary System

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

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Choose the term that does not belong.

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Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

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Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events would increase filtration pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?

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What are the arteries which diverge from the interlobar arteries near the base of the renal pyramid?

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One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

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In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys produce renin when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine formation involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

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Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate,they respond by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery (2) interlobular artery (3) segmental artery (4) arcuate artery (5) afferent arteriole

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as

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When macula densa cells experience increased Na⁺ concentration in the filtrate,they respond by

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