Question 1

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)  lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli.
B)  the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption.
C)  permeable to water if ADH is present.
D)  impermeable to water.
E)  the site of water secretion.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 2

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrons.
B)  podocytes.
C)  nephrocytes.
D)  juxtamedullary cells.
E)  macula densa.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  podocytes
B)  macula densa
C)  glomerular endothelium
D)  the basement membrane
E)  parietal layer of Bowman's capsuleF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule
B)  urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
C)  movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid
D)  active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct
E)  urea movement into the collecting ductF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 5

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A)  water can easily enter or leave.
B)  potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane.
C)  calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane.
D)  potassium is concentrated in the filtrate.
E)  the filtrate does not change.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron.
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute.
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate.
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate.
E)  None of these choices is correct.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

What is tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood.
B)  The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body.
C)  The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron.
D)  The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine.
E)  The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra.
B)  ureter.
C)  calyces.
D)  renal columns.
E)  renal tubules.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus
B)  urethra
C)  renal pelvis
D)  distal convoluted tubule
E)  collecting ductF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  high urea concentration in medulla
B)  active transport of solutes from ascending limb
C)  the vasa recta
D)  functions of the loop of Henle
E)  All of these choices are correctF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction.
B)  filtration fraction.
C)  glomerular filtration rate.
D)  clearance fraction.
E)  renal rate.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle.
B)  collecting duct.
C)  distal convoluted tubule.
D)  proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  Bowman's capsule.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  is a potent vasodilator.
B)  stimulates aldosterone secretion.
C)  is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin.
D)  acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water.
E)  decreases blood pressure.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb,potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion.
B)  cotransport.
C)  counter transport.
D)  active transport.
E)  simple diffusion.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 15

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Accepted Answer

A)  no energy is needed.
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time.
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell.
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules.
E)  water is secreted.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  compression of the ureteral openings
B)  the external urethral sphincter
C)  the internal urethral sphincter
D)  the ureteral sphincters
E)  ureteral valvesF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus
B)  loop of Henle
C)  collecting duct
D)  Bowman's capsule
E)  proximal convoluted tubuleF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH.
B)  glucose.
C)  inulin.
D)  protein.
E)  ammonia.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  calyx tissue.
B)  renal papillae.
C)  renal columns.
D)  medullary rays.
E)  renal corpuscles.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction.
B)  filtration fraction.
C)  clearance fraction.
D)  glomerular flow rate.
E)  cardiac fraction.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Exam 26: Urinary System

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

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Once inside the cells of the ascending limb,potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

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Angiotensin II

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Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

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The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

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Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

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When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

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Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

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Which of the following structures is a capillary?

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The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

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Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

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Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

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In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

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Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

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A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

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Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the

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Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

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Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

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The proximal convoluted tubule is

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What is tubular reabsorption?

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