Question 1

The function of acetylcholinesterase is to

Accepted Answer

A)  open voltage-gated sodium gates.
B)  breakdown acetylcholine in the synapse.
C)  produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane.
D)  metabolize norepinephrine.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) ,there is a

Accepted Answer

A)  net movement of sodium ions out of the cells.
B)  net movement of chloride ions into the cells.
C)  decrease in action potential amplitude.
D)  local hyperpolarization.
E)  local depolarization.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

Accepted Answer

A)  may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials.
B)  generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal.
C)  is necessary for synaptic transmission.
D)  may lead to action potentials.
E)  may stop exocytosis.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential.What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  repolarization
B)  depolarization
C)  local potential
D)  threshold
E)  afterpotentialF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 5

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance transmission across the synapse.
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse.
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse.
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
E)  increase exocytosis.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain.What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

Accepted Answer

A)   astrocytes
B)   microglial cells
C)   oligodendrocytes
D)   macrophages
E)   ependymal cellsF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse.What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  postsynaptic membrane
B)  synaptic cleft
C)  synaptic vesicle
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel
E)  presynaptic terminalF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase neurotransmitter release.
B)  decrease the release of neurotransmitter.
C)  increase neurotransmitter production.
D)  interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter.
E)  destroy vesicles containing neurotransmitter.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Resting Membrane Potential

Accepted Answer

A)  a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area
B)  a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state
C)  a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell
D)  membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell
E)  return to the resting membrane potentialF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Receptor molecules in synapses

Accepted Answer

A)  tend to concentrate on presynaptic terminals.
B)  bind irreversibly with neurotransmitter.
C)  have a high degree of specificity.
D)  serve as channel proteins.
E)  can bind to any molecule in the synapse.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+.
B)  The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point.
C)  The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell.
D)  Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in the cell.
E)  The purpose of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to create an equilibrium of ion concentrations.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Gray matter has little myelination,whereas white matter has abundant myelination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are

Accepted Answer

A)  tripolar.
B)  bipolar.
C)  multipolar.
D)  pseudo-unipolar.
E)  None of these choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding voltage-gated K+ channels is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  These channels have only one gate.
B)  These channels open more slowly than Na+ channels.
C)  Once open,these channels remain open until repolarization is complete.
D)  These channels are specific for potassium.
E)  All of these statements are true.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

-Identify structure "D" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell
B)  Node of Ranvier
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites
E)  axonF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin
B)  acetylcholine
C)  dopamine
D)  glutamateE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

When two action potentials arrive simultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron,

Accepted Answer

A)  the direction of the action potential is reversed.
B)  temporal summation occurs.
C)  spatial summation occurs.
D)  hyperpolarization occurs.
E)  threshold is never reached.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Enkephalins produce presynaptic inhibition in neurons transmitting pain signals.Increased levels of enkephalins will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase awareness of pain.
B)  decrease awareness of pain.
C)  increase amount of pain.
D)  decrease amount of pain.
E)  have no effect on awareness or amount of pain.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Match the neuroglial cell with its function.
-ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

A)  influence function of blood-brain barrier
B)  macrophages in CNS
C)  produce cerebrospinal fluid
D)  form myelin sheath around axons in CNS
E)  form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNSF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to close.
B)  Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open.
C)  A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open.
D)  K+ ion channels begin to close.
E)  Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open and a positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain.What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

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Receptor molecules in synapses

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Match the term with the correct definition. -Resting Membrane Potential

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When two action potentials arrive simultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the neuroglial cell with its function. -ependymal cells

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Which of the following statements regarding voltage-gated K+ channels is true?

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What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

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Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would

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In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) ,there is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse.What does "E" represent?

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-Identify structure "D" on the neuron.

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Enkephalins produce presynaptic inhibition in neurons transmitting pain signals.Increased levels of enkephalins will

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The function of acetylcholinesterase is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential.What does "E" represent?

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Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold?

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Which of the following is true?

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Gray matter has little myelination,whereas white matter has abundant myelination.

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A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

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