Question 1

Memory researcher Loftus found in a research study that when an eyewitness who had testified against the defendant in a hypothetical robbery-murder case was discredited because of having poor vision:

Accepted Answer

A)  about half the jurors switched their votes from guilty to innocent.
B)  the majority of jurors still voted for conviction.
C)  jurors regarded the eyewitness testimony as useless and it had no impact on their verdict.
D)  a boomerang effect occurred with all the jurors changing their votes in favor of an acquittal.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

In a police lineup,the lineup interviewer's feedback:

Accepted Answer

A)  has no effect on the witness's confidence.
B)  is of little significance.
C)  has a large effect on the witness's confidence.
D)  is usually not believed by the witness.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

In the process known as the misinformation effect,individuals:

Accepted Answer

A)  give misleading testimony in court.
B)  receive wrong information about an event and then incorporate that information into their memory of the event.
C)  purposely give wrong information to police.
D)  fail to remember any information following a traumatic event.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

A)  jurors exert normative pressure.
B)  jurors share information.
C)  deliberation never tends to cancel out certain biases.
D)  deliberation can draw attention away from jurors' previous prejudgments of the evidence.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

People fail to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person exiting the scene in ________ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness
B)  misinformation effect
C)  cognitive dissonance
D)  imagination inflationE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

A police interrogator questioning an eyewitness to a robbery hopes to learn whether the assailant was wearing a bright green hat similar to one seen in another robbery.According to research,which of the following questions will elicit the most detailed,undistorted recall from the eyewitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Did you see whether the robber was wearing a hat?"
B)  "Can you describe the hat the robber was wearing?"
C)  "What color was the robber's hat?"
D)  "How was the robber dressed?"E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Stan is uncertain about the man he identified as the burglar in a police lineup.His confidence as the witness is most likely to increase after:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning that he is the only eyewitness in the case.
B)  being asked the same questions repeatedly.
C)  viewing a thousand police mug shots of different burglars.
D)  seeing the grainy,inconclusive security camera video of the burglar.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

When Efran (1974) gave students a description of a case of students cheating and showed them a photograph of either an attractive or unattractive person accused of the crime,he found that attractive defendants were:

Accepted Answer

A)  recommended a lesser punishment.
B)  more likely to be judged as guilty.
C)  more respected.
D)  perceived as more dangerous.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

Of the following eyewitnesses to a crime,who would probably appear most believable to a jury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teddy,a fifth-grader whose father is a lawyer
B)  Randy,a radio announcer who appears very confident about what he saw
C)  Moira,a retired teacher who has traveled widely to visit other countries
D)  Dawn,a shy student who smiles and speaks very softlyE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

In the context of jury deliberations,what is meant by the "two-thirds-majority" scheme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two-thirds of all people asked refuse to serve on a jury.
B)  Two out of three times,judges have to agree with the jury's decision.
C)  A jury needs to necessarily consist of two-thirds women and two-thirds minorities.
D)  The jury verdict is usually the alternative favored by at least two-thirds of the jurors at the outset.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about research on the use of harsh and brutal interrogation techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brutal interrogation enhances accurate information retrieval.
B)  Interrogation techniques that use torture are the most effective.
C)  Harsh "enhanced" interrogation techniques are ineffective.
D)  Brutal interrogation makes lie detection easier.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

In 1986,the U.S.Supreme Court,in a split decision:

Accepted Answer

A)  ruled that death-qualified jurors are a biased sample.
B)  overturned a lower court ruling that death-qualified jurors are indeed a biased sample.
C)  ruled that Georgia's five-member juries were as reliable and accurate as twelve-member juries.
D)  overturned a lower court decision that six-member juries could decide cases involving the death penalty.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Arthur is asked to visualize childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination.Afterwards,Arthur is convinced that the visualized event actually occurred.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness.
B)  blindsight.
C)  the post-identification feedback effect.
D)  imagination inflation.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably:

Accepted Answer

A)  gained information about these details by a second visit to the crime scene.
B)  was paying better attention than one who recalls no details.
C)  was not paying attention to the culprit or the crime itself.
D)  is no more accurate in recalling important information than witnesses with no memory for details.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about death-qualified jurors?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who oppose the death penalty are more prone to favor the prosecution.
B)  When a court dismisses potential jurors who have moral scruples against the death penalty,it constructs a jury that is less likely to vote guilty.
C)  People who do not oppose the death penalty are less prone to oppose protecting the constitutional rights of defendants.
D)  Death-qualified jurors are more concerned with crime control and less concerned with due process of law.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

When jurors or some judges hearing a case are of like-minded people,they tend to go to extremes when making a decision as a group.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization.
B)  group shift.
C)  outgroup bias.
D)  groupthink effect.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

At the University of Washington,Loftus (1979) found that eyewitnesses in a hypothetical robbery-murder case were influential:

Accepted Answer

A)  unless their testimony was shown to be useless.
B)  even when their testimony was discredited.
C)  only if other evidence supported their story.
D)  only if they were similar to those making the judgments.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

After hours of interrogation by police officers,John,who was innocent of the crime,confessed to stealing from the grocery store.This is an example of a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  compliant confession.
B)  internalized confession.
C)  misinformation confession.
D)  enhanced confession.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Who among the following is likely to receive the most severe sentence for drunk driving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kim,a good-looking real estate agent
B)  Tim,an unattractive auto mechanic with long hair
C)  Ken,a clean-cut businessman
D)  Carol,an attractive single motherE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Research indicates that eyewitnesses who remember trivial details of a crime scene:

Accepted Answer

A)  also tend to overestimate the degree of harm or damage done as a result of the crime.
B)  also tend to be particularly suspicious of all unfamiliar faces.
C)  are less likely to have paid attention to the culprit's face.
D)  are more likely to have paid attention to the culprit's face.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

Of the following eyewitnesses to a crime,who would probably appear most believable to a jury?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of jury deliberations,what is meant by the "two-thirds-majority" scheme?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stan is uncertain about the man he identified as the burglar in a police lineup.His confidence as the witness is most likely to increase after:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After hours of interrogation by police officers,John,who was innocent of the crime,confessed to stealing from the grocery store.This is an example of a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When jurors or some judges hearing a case are of like-minded people,they tend to go to extremes when making a decision as a group.This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People fail to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person exiting the scene in ________ experiments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1986,the U.S.Supreme Court,in a split decision:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Efran (1974) gave students a description of a case of students cheating and showed them a photograph of either an attractive or unattractive person accused of the crime,he found that attractive defendants were:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process known as the misinformation effect,individuals:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Memory researcher Loftus found in a research study that when an eyewitness who had testified against the defendant in a hypothetical robbery-murder case was discredited because of having poor vision:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A police interrogator questioning an eyewitness to a robbery hopes to learn whether the assailant was wearing a bright green hat similar to one seen in another robbery.According to research,which of the following questions will elicit the most detailed,undistorted recall from the eyewitness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that eyewitnesses who remember trivial details of a crime scene:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about death-qualified jurors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the University of Washington,Loftus (1979) found that eyewitnesses in a hypothetical robbery-murder case were influential:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a police lineup,the lineup interviewer's feedback:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about research on the use of harsh and brutal interrogation techniques?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arthur is asked to visualize childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination.Afterwards,Arthur is convinced that the visualized event actually occurred.This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who among the following is likely to receive the most severe sentence for drunk driving?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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