Question 1

To gain insight into juror comprehension,researchers use ________ as mock jurors and have them view ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  university students;videotapes of courtroom trials
B)  real jurors;dramas based on real-life cases
C)  members of real jury pools;reenactments of actual trials
D)  real jurors;ongoing courtroom trialsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Blair Sheppard and Neil Vidmar (1980) had some students serve as witnesses to a fight,while others took the roles of lawyers and judges.When interviewed by the defense lawyer,the witnesses:

Accepted Answer

A)  gave testimony condemning the defendant as guilty.
B)  were more confident and remembered more details.
C)  gave testimony that was more favorable to the defendant.
D)  were less susceptible to the misinformation effect.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following statements can lead to imagination inflation?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Recall the events that happened when you first visited a doctor's clinic,such as being scared of injections."
B)  "How many times have you been to the dentist for a checkup in the last five years?"
C)  "Recall the events that have made you happy in the last one week."
D)  "Who did you go with for watching the game at the stadium last night?"E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Blair et al.(2004) reported that over a two-decade period,Black males convicted of murdering a White defendant were doubly likely to be sentenced to death if:

Accepted Answer

A)  the murder was violent.
B)  the jurors were inexperienced
C)  the jurors were inexperienced.
D)  they had more stereotypically Afrocentric features.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is a finding from the research on the influence of courtroom factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  A severe potential punishment (for example,a death penalty) makes jurors less willing to convict.
B)  Experienced jurors' judgments do not differ from those of novice jurors.
C)  Defendants are judged less harshly when the victim is attractive or has suffered greatly.
D)  Jurors' judgments of blame and punishment are unaffected by the victim's characteristics.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

If convicted,________ people strike people as more dangerous,especially if they are sexual offenders.

Accepted Answer

A)  cute or baby-faced
B)  attractive
C)  unattractive
D)  underageE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications ________ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Accepted Answer

A)  after a long deliberation
B)  confidently
C)  in less than 10-12 seconds
D)  and then changed themE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

You have just been appointed to serve as a new county judge.You are concerned about the effect inadmissible evidence may have on the jury in an upcoming trial of a sexual assault case.You anticipate that the defense attorney will seek to introduce evidence regarding the victim's prior sexual history.To minimize the impact of such evidence on the jury,you should:

Accepted Answer

A)  say nothing about the possible inadmissible evidence to the jury.
B)  remind the jury before the trial that the victim's previous sexual history is irrelevant.
C)  tell the jury that the evidence is inadmissible only after the defense attempts to introduce it.
D)  ask the defendant to refute any damaging evidence about her previous sexual history.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following refers to internalized confessions?

Accepted Answer

A)  the confessions that are made after people are subject to torture
B)  the confessions given by people under the influence of drugs
C)  the confessions apparently believed after people are fed misinformation
D)  the confessions that are supported with DNA evidenceE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

What effect does rehearsing answers to questions before taking the witness stand have on testimony?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes the witness more confident but only if their recollection is accurate.
B)  It makes the witness more likely to make mistakes during actual testimony.
C)  It makes the witness more confident even when they are inaccurate.
D)  It makes the witness more likely to forget the smaller details of the incident they observed.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The tendency for witnesses to incorporate misleading information into their memories is especially strong when:

Accepted Answer

A)  suggestive questions are repeated.
B)  the questioner is female rather than male.
C)  the event was a traffic incident rather than a violent crime.
D)  the witness is low in need for cognition.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

After the eyewitness of a hit-and-run crime offers an unprompted recollection of the incident,which of the following is an evocative and open-ended question that should be asked to the eyewitness to ensure that the recollections are the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Did the driver wear goggles?"
B)  "Was there anything unusual about the driver's appearance?"
C)  "Did the driver have black or gray hair?"
D)  "Was the driver wearing a bright-colored shirt?"E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Research experiments by Wells and others (1979) show that incorrect eyewitnesses are believed ________ of the time.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent
B)  20 percent
C)  50 percent
D)  80 percentE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Studies have confirmed that eyewitnesses often are more confident than correct.
B)  Confident witnesses are more believable to jurors than those lacking confidence.
C)  Younger eyewitnesses tend to be more accurate than older eyewitnesses.
D)  Criminal cases lacking eyewitness testimony are more likely to produce convictions.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

When presented with circumstantial evidence and no eyewitnesses to a robbery-murder case,Elizabeth Loftus found in her study that 18 percent of her participants voted to convict the suspect.Presented with the same information plus one eyewitness,________ percent of participants voted to convict.

Accepted Answer

A)  50
B)  68
C)  72
D)  93E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The misinformation effect among eyewitnesses can be reduced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding stopping them when any incorrect information is provided.
B)  implying that some given information is incorrect.
C)  considering any evidence provided in the first instance as final.
D)  letting witnesses report multiple versions of the same incident.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Wells et al.(1981) had eyewitnesses to a staged theft rehearse their answers to questions before taking the witness stand.Doing so:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased the accuracy of the eyewitness testimony.
B)  decreased the confidence of those who were correct.
C)  increased the confidence of those who were wrong.
D)  decreased the jurors' confidence in them.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

The process of witnessing an event,receiving misleading information about it,and then incorporating the misleading information into one's memory of the event is referred to as the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory
B)  misinformation
C)  inoculation
D)  interferenceE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Research shows that when a judge rules evidence to be inadmissible and admonishes the jury to ignore it:

Accepted Answer

A)  jurors are generally able to follow the judge's instructions.
B)  jurors have a hard time ignoring the evidence and its influence on their deliberations.
C)  jurors do so if the evidence damages the defendant's case but not if it hurts the prosecution's case.
D)  the evidence typically becomes the focus of debate in jury deliberations.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Research suggests that jurors in the minority will be most persuasive when they are all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  consistent.
B)  self-confident.
C)  persistent.
D)  conservative.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

Blair Sheppard and Neil Vidmar (1980) had some students serve as witnesses to a fight,while others took the roles of lawyers and judges.When interviewed by the defense lawyer,the witnesses:

Correct Answer
verified

The process of witnessing an event,receiving misleading information about it,and then incorporating the misleading information into one's memory of the event is referred to as the ________ effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

What effect does rehearsing answers to questions before taking the witness stand have on testimony?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Research shows that when a judge rules evidence to be inadmissible and admonishes the jury to ignore it:

Correct Answer
verified

Wells et al.(1981) had eyewitnesses to a staged theft rehearse their answers to questions before taking the witness stand.Doing so:

Correct Answer
verified

Research experiments by Wells and others (1979) show that incorrect eyewitnesses are believed ________ of the time.

Correct Answer
verified

The misinformation effect among eyewitnesses can be reduced by:

Correct Answer
verified

To gain insight into juror comprehension,researchers use as mock jurors and have them view .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a finding from the research on the influence of courtroom factors?

Correct Answer
verified

If convicted,________ people strike people as more dangerous,especially if they are sexual offenders.

Correct Answer
verified

The tendency for witnesses to incorporate misleading information into their memories is especially strong when:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following refers to internalized confessions?

Correct Answer
verified

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications ________ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Correct Answer
verified

After the eyewitness of a hit-and-run crime offers an unprompted recollection of the incident,which of the following is an evocative and open-ended question that should be asked to the eyewitness to ensure that the recollections are the most accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements can lead to imagination inflation?

Correct Answer
verified

When presented with circumstantial evidence and no eyewitnesses to a robbery-murder case,Elizabeth Loftus found in her study that 18 percent of her participants voted to convict the suspect.Presented with the same information plus one eyewitness,________ percent of participants voted to convict.

Correct Answer
verified

Blair et al.(2004) reported that over a two-decade period,Black males convicted of murdering a White defendant were doubly likely to be sentenced to death if:

Correct Answer
verified

Research suggests that jurors in the minority will be most persuasive when they are all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

Blair Sheppard and Neil Vidmar (1980) had some students serve as witnesses to a fight,while others took the roles of lawyers and judges.When interviewed by the defense lawyer,the witnesses:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of witnessing an event,receiving misleading information about it,and then incorporating the misleading information into one's memory of the event is referred to as the ________ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect does rehearsing answers to questions before taking the witness stand have on testimony?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research shows that when a judge rules evidence to be inadmissible and admonishes the jury to ignore it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wells et al.(1981) had eyewitnesses to a staged theft rehearse their answers to questions before taking the witness stand.Doing so:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research experiments by Wells and others (1979) show that incorrect eyewitnesses are believed ________ of the time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The misinformation effect among eyewitnesses can be reduced by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To gain insight into juror comprehension,researchers use ________ as mock jurors and have them view ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a finding from the research on the influence of courtroom factors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If convicted,________ people strike people as more dangerous,especially if they are sexual offenders.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for witnesses to incorporate misleading information into their memories is especially strong when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following refers to internalized confessions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications ________ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After the eyewitness of a hit-and-run crime offers an unprompted recollection of the incident,which of the following is an evocative and open-ended question that should be asked to the eyewitness to ensure that the recollections are the most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements can lead to imagination inflation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When presented with circumstantial evidence and no eyewitnesses to a robbery-murder case,Elizabeth Loftus found in her study that 18 percent of her participants voted to convict the suspect.Presented with the same information plus one eyewitness,________ percent of participants voted to convict.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blair et al.(2004) reported that over a two-decade period,Black males convicted of murdering a White defendant were doubly likely to be sentenced to death if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that jurors in the minority will be most persuasive when they are all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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To gain insight into juror comprehension,researchers use as mock jurors and have them view .

Correct Answer
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