Question 1

Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman (1987) analyzed the press quotations of 94 members of baseball's Hall of Fame and found that those who routinely offered pessimistic explanations for bad events,like losing big games,were more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  earn lower salaries.
B)  experience divorce.
C)  play more aggressively.
D)  die at younger ages.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of the spotlight effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sasha turns to alcohol to overcome her social anxiety.
B)  Alisha feels she is unattractive and no one notices her presence.
C)  Fernando tries to attract the attention of all his classmates when he enters the class.
D)  John feels everyone would notice that his shoes are untidy and hence judge him.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following is FALSE about women and illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women get sick more often than men.
B)  Women take more prescription and nonprescription drugs than men.
C)  Women report more symptoms than men.
D)  Women visit doctors more often than men.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Compared to depressed people,nondepressed people:

Accepted Answer

A)  exaggerate their control of events around them.
B)  have realistic perceptions of the good and bad things that the future holds.
C)  readily accept responsibility for both successes and failures.
D)  make more accurate judgments.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the eight-week program and three months later if they:

Accepted Answer

A)  felt responsible for choosing their weight-loss program.
B)  were regularly monitored and penalized for breaking rules.
C)  were praised and rewarded for even minor weight loss.
D)  had been assigned to their "least preferred" treatment program.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program:

Accepted Answer

A)  employed skilled counselors who took responsibility for inspiring the men to feel confident and competent.
B)  included no counseling,so the participants made internal attributions for their success.
C)  trained the participants in specific communication skills and mentored them throughout the program.
D)  paved the way for conversational success by providing many external reasons for initiating conversation.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Frances Haemmerlie and Robert Montgomery (1986) demonstrated that shy college men who participated in their laboratory exercises to enhance social competence:

Accepted Answer

A)  were better at communication in general.
B)  had better grades in college.
C)  delivered self-laudatory speeches to strangers.
D)  had several successful conversations with women.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are:

Accepted Answer

A)  external.
B)  specific.
C)  internal.
D)  situational.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction:

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition.
B)  expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition.
C)  statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well.
D)  both methods usually fare no better than chance.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

A research study is being conducted in which a group of participants are given drugs to control their anxiety and another group is given a fake tablet that has no effect.The participants are informed that all of them are being given the same drug and that the drug is meant to reduce anxiety.Which of the following is an illustration of placebo effect in the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The group of participants who are given the actual drug feel that their anxiety is reduced.
B)  The group of participants who are given the actual drug feel that all participants have not been given the same drug.
C)  The group of participants who are given the fake drug feel that their anxiety is reduced.
D)  The group of participants who are given the fake drug feel that all participants have not been given the same drug.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Define illusory correlation.Provide an example of it from your own life.

Accepted Answer

Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias...

Question 12

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression,loneliness,and shyness by reversing one's negative beliefs about oneself and one's future.

Accepted Answer

A)  Defensive pessimism
B)  Explanatory style therapy
C)  Nominative determinism
D)  Social interaction therapyE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Following the suicide of a friend or family member,feelings of guilt are often magnified by:

Accepted Answer

A)  illusory thinking.
B)  the fundamental attribution error.
C)  hindsight bias.
D)  obscurantism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unmarried people tend to live healthier,longer lives than their married counterparts.
B)  Those who have close relationships with friends and kin are less likely to die prematurely.
C)  Those who enjoy close relationships eat better,exercise more,and smoke and drink less.
D)  Lonely people often experience more stress and are more likely to commit suicide.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Shy people tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make a good first impression.
B)  depersonalize social situations.
C)  become disliked over time.
D)  be self-conscious.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

According to Peter Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) ,which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative experiences
B)  self-blame
C)  depressed mood
D)  defensive pessimismE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In the context of psychological approaches to treatment,the vicious circles that maintain depression,loneliness,and shyness can be broken by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive experiences that alter self-perceptions.
B)  social skills training.
C)  changing negative thought patterns.
D)  believing that they will go away.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

David Rosenhan's famous study of diagnosis and treatment in mental hospitals conducted in 1973 indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  tests of personality are accurate.
B)  clinicians tend to reinterpret client information to confirm the diagnosis applied to that client.
C)  clinical intuition was more accurate than statistical prediction in the diagnosis of mental illnesses.
D)  early childhood trauma predicted onset of adult schizophrenia.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists believe that social influence is an insignificant part of therapy.
B)  Therapists begin with establishing credibility and trust.
C)  A key component in therapy is helping clients think differently.
D)  Change in therapy is best maintained when people attribute their improvement to internal rather than external factors.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

In the context of estimating control,judgements,and accuracy,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mildly depressed individuals make more self-serving judgments than do nondepressed individuals.
B)  Mildly depressed people are less attuned to others' feelings than are nondepressed people.
C)  Compared to depressed individuals,nondepressed individuals more accurately estimate their control over situations.
D)  Mildly depressed individuals are often more accurate in their memories than nondepressed individuals.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Following the suicide of a friend or family member,feelings of guilt are often magnified by:

Correct Answer
verified

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program:

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of psychological approaches to treatment,the vicious circles that maintain depression,loneliness,and shyness can be broken by all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Correct Answer
verified

Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman (1987) analyzed the press quotations of 94 members of baseball's Hall of Fame and found that those who routinely offered pessimistic explanations for bad events,like losing big games,were more likely to:

Correct Answer
verified

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Shy people tend to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Correct Answer
verified

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the eight-week program and three months later if they:

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to depressed people,nondepressed people:

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are:

Correct Answer
verified

Frances Haemmerlie and Robert Montgomery (1986) demonstrated that shy college men who participated in their laboratory exercises to enhance social competence:

Correct Answer
verified

Define illusory correlation.Provide an example of it from your own life.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias...
View Answer

According to Peter Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) ,which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Correct Answer
verified

David Rosenhan's famous study of diagnosis and treatment in mental hospitals conducted in 1973 indicated that:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is FALSE about women and illness?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression,loneliness,and shyness by reversing one's negative beliefs about oneself and one's future.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of the spotlight effect?

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of estimating control,judgements,and accuracy,which of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Following the suicide of a friend or family member,feelings of guilt are often magnified by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of psychological approaches to treatment,the vicious circles that maintain depression,loneliness,and shyness can be broken by all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman (1987) analyzed the press quotations of 94 members of baseball's Hall of Fame and found that those who routinely offered pessimistic explanations for bad events,like losing big games,were more likely to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shy people tend to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight both at the end of the eight-week program and three months later if they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to depressed people,nondepressed people:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Frances Haemmerlie and Robert Montgomery (1986) demonstrated that shy college men who participated in their laboratory exercises to enhance social competence:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define illusory correlation.Provide an example of it from your own life.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIllusory correlation is a cognitive bias...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Peter Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) ,which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

David Rosenhan's famous study of diagnosis and treatment in mental hospitals conducted in 1973 indicated that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is FALSE about women and illness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression,loneliness,and shyness by reversing one's negative beliefs about oneself and one's future.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of the spotlight effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of estimating control,judgements,and accuracy,which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified