Question 1

Which of the following is true as the number of bystanders at an emergency increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bystander is more likely to notice the situation.
B)  A bystander is more likely to interpret it as an emergency.
C)  A bystander is less likely to assume responsibility.
D)  A bystander is less likely to walk away.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What principle or concept suggests that rewarding people for their helpfulness may,in the long run,undermine their self-motivated altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)  the door-in-the-face principle
B)  the just-world hypothesis
C)  the overjustification effect
D)  the progress trapE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Both European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s reported that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they came from families who themselves had been victims of some form of social injustice.
B)  they had warm,close relationships with at least one parent who was a strong "moralist" and committed to humanitarian causes.
C)  their efforts were in part a reaction to having been raised in a troubled family environment in which parents and children were in frequent conflict.
D)  they were firstborn or only children whose parents had taught them courage and independence.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle.According to research on the bystander effect,a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are ________ others present.

Accepted Answer

A)  no
B)  two
C)  four
D)  tenE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that:

Accepted Answer

A)  future exchanges of help must exist.
B)  leaders will help more than regular group members.
C)  people will help those needing help.
D)  to receive help,people must ask for it.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in helping behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women seek more help than men.
B)  Women offer help to attractive men more than unattractive men.
C)  Men receive more offers of help than women.
D)  Men welcome help more readily than women.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about empathy-induced altruism as noted by Batson?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sometimes people do focus on others' welfare,not on their own.
B)  If people feel empathy but know that something else will make them feel better,they are very likely to help.
C)  With their empathy aroused,people usually are reluctant to help strangers.
D)  Empathy-based altruism removes any type of partiality in a family.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

In the context of situational influences,Latané and Darley surmised that as the number of bystanders increases,any given bystander is ________ than when he or she is alone.

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to assume responsibility for taking action
B)  more likely to notice the incident
C)  more likely to interpret the incident as a problem or an emergency
D)  less likely to stay away from helping the victimE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

In the context of ingroup similarity and helping,which of the following statements is true of people's helping behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more people know about disaster victims and where they live,the less they donate.
B)  People tend to help those that are perceived differently in an exclusive larger defined group.
C)  People are predisposed to help their fellow group members,whether those are defined more narrowly or more inclusively.
D)  One way to increase people's willingness to help others is to promote social identities that are more exclusive than inclusive.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

People often feel more altruistic when they have helped without receiving payment or implied social pressure than when offered a reward for doing so.This is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  moral exclusion.
B)  the overjustification effect.
C)  the bystander effect.
D)  diffusion of responsibility.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In the context of evolutionary psychology,the ________ principle implies that nature programs us to care about close relatives.

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection
B)  reciprocity
C)  social justice
D)  deindividuationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Why does personal treatment increase helping in bystanders?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes them more self-aware.
B)  It makes them more narcissistic.
C)  It triggers the social-responsibility norm.
D)  It increases ambiguity and reduces social responsibility.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler.In the context of the personalized appeal,she is most likely to give money if:

Accepted Answer

A)  the panhandler is male.
B)  the panhandler is female.
C)  she just had her picture taken.
D)  she can remain anonymous.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

In which of the following countries is the norm of social responsibility most likely to be strong?

Accepted Answer

A)  India
B)  England
C)  the United States
D)  CanadaE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

We are most likely to help when:

Accepted Answer

A)  we have just observed someone else helping.
B)  we are rushed.
C)  the person is perceived to be different from us.
D)  we are in a group of people.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

According to Latané and Darley (1968) ,what must happen first for you to offer assistance in an emergency?

Accepted Answer

A)  You need to notice the incident.
B)  You need to take responsibility for the incident.
C)  You need to be a family or a close relative to the victim.
D)  You need to weigh the costs and benefits of helping.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

In the context of guilt and concern for self-image,researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation,there is more success with requests for contributions when they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  random.
B)  systematic.
C)  large.
D)  small.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darley
B)  Schaller
C)  Cialdini
D)  BatsonE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

In the context of interpretation,the tendency to overestimate others' ability to "read" our internal states is called the illusion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  deceit.
B)  visibility.
C)  awareness.
D)  transparency.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Research on gender and receiving help revealed that ________ offered more help when the persons in need were females,and ________ offered help equally to males and females.

Accepted Answer

A)  men;women
B)  women;men
C)  older people;youngsters
D)  youngsters;older peopleE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 12: Helping

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle.According to research on the bystander effect,a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are ________ others present.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of interpretation,the tendency to overestimate others' ability to "read" our internal states is called the illusion of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s reported that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about empathy-induced altruism as noted by Batson?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of ingroup similarity and helping,which of the following statements is true of people's helping behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in helping behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of evolutionary psychology,the ________ principle implies that nature programs us to care about close relatives.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following countries is the norm of social responsibility most likely to be strong?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of situational influences,Latané and Darley surmised that as the number of bystanders increases,any given bystander is ________ than when he or she is alone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People often feel more altruistic when they have helped without receiving payment or implied social pressure than when offered a reward for doing so.This is best explained by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What principle or concept suggests that rewarding people for their helpfulness may,in the long run,undermine their self-motivated altruism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Latané and Darley (1968) ,what must happen first for you to offer assistance in an emergency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true as the number of bystanders at an emergency increases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does personal treatment increase helping in bystanders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler.In the context of the personalized appeal,she is most likely to give money if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on gender and receiving help revealed that ________ offered more help when the persons in need were females,and ________ offered help equally to males and females.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of guilt and concern for self-image,researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation,there is more success with requests for contributions when they are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are most likely to help when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Research on gender and receiving help revealed that offered more help when the persons in need were females,and offered help equally to males and females.

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