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Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

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Question 1

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Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of White Americans favoring integrated schools jumped and now includes nearly everyone.This is an example of how:

A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined.
B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent.
C) moral attitudes feed moral actions.
D) moral actions feed moral attitudes.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Question 2

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Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to:

A) feel increasingly guilty.
B) disparage the victim to justify one's cruel behavior.
C) act kindly toward others.
D) become highly aggressive toward others.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Question 3

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Which statement is NOT true according to the research findings on expressions and attitudes?

Self-perception theory assumes that _____.

Owen gets a lucrative job offer from a multinational company soon after he receives his undergraduate degree.At the same time,he gets a research scholarship from a renowned foreign university.He is in a dilemma and is unable to choose the right course of action.Which of the following theories best explains this scenario?

In the context of social movements,identify a brainwashing technique used for American prisoners of war (POWs) during the 1950s Korean War.

You are an obese teenager who enjoys jogging.Your parents are concerned about your health and give you money whenever you jog.According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Higgins and Rholes (1978) found that when people say something positive to others when told to,it supported the fact that:

Explicit self-reports are the better predictor than implicit self-reports for:

After much deliberation,you select a college to enroll yourself.After you have made your decision,you can reduce dissonance by _____ the chosen university and _____ the unchosen universities.

Cognitive dissonance theory focuses on _____.

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when:

Moral action affects moral thinking,especially when:

In a psychological experiment,the participants were shown a collection of pictures depicting both pleasant and unpleasant aspects of their lives.They were instructed to smile whenever they saw an unpleasant picture.At the end of the experiment,the participants reported that they felt happy despite seeing the unpleasant pictures.Which of the following is exemplified in this experiment?

The _____ occurs when someone offers an unnecessary reward beforehand in an obvious effort to control behavior.

Juan needed to decide if he should live with his parents or in a dorm this year.He liked the freedom offered by dorms but knew it was cheaper to live with his parents.According to cognitive dissonance theory,in order to reduce dissonance after deciding to stay at home,Juan will likely:

Which of the following would better predict a person's racial biases?

The tension that arises when a person's two thoughts or beliefs are inconsistent is called:

Myra's neighbor,an 8-year-old,plays his saxophone loudly.This annoys her.In the context of the overjustification effect,if Myra wants him to quit playing,she should:

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall many happy memories and found their happy mood lingering.This is best explained by: