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Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

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Question 51

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At the beginning of the 2003 Iraq war,only 38% of Americans said the war was justified even if Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction.When no such weapons were found after the war,58% of Americans supported the war.Myers explains this revision of people's memories of their government's main rationale for going to war as an example of:

A) self-presentation.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) terror management theory.
D) self-perception.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Question 52

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Saying becomes believing when:

A) what you say falls in line with your implicit attitude.
B) your implicit and explicit attitudes are already in agreement.
C) there is no compelling external explanation for your words.
D) you have said something similar in the past.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 53

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Identify a true statement about dissonance theory.

Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension,especially when they threaten:

Which of the following theories explains the insufficient justification effect by claiming that we explain our behavior by noting the conditions under which it occurs?

In the context of behavior and attitudes,identify an example of the overjustification effect.

If you are studying because you want to do well in your chosen course and truly want to understand the material,you are more likely to want to study in the future than students who view studying as compulsory.Your situation is an example of how:

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a:

Lucy volunteers to teach the children of a local orphanage baseball on weekends.The manager of the orphanage offers to pay Lucy if she coaches the children for four days a week.Initially,Lucy is excited about the offer and accepts it.However,after a few weeks,she feels less enthusiastic about the classes and stops visiting the orphanage.In the context of psychology,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

As a teenager,you enjoy jogging.Your parents purchase new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon) .According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Vaughan and Lanzetta's (1981) study required participants to observe someone receiving supposed electric shocks.Some,but not all,of the participants were required to make a pained expression whenever the shock was implemented.The results indicated that compared with those students who were not required to make a pained expression,those who did perspired more and had faster heart rates whenever they saw the shock being delivered.With which theory are the results of this study consistent?

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a Republican presidential candidate?

The tendency to seek information and media that agree with one's views and to avoid dissonant information is called _____.

Which of the following requirements should be fulfilled for an attitude to lead to a behavior?

You receive multiple job offers after graduating from college.You find it difficult to arrive at a decision.However,once you decide to accept an offer,you find yourself _____ the job offers you did not accept in order to reduce dissonance.

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by:

According to the overjustification effect,promising children a reward for an activity that they already enjoy doing intrinsically will:

Impression management is to _____ as cognitive dissonance is to _____.

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent according to _____ theory.