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Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

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Question 31

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Which of the following strategies will NOT be helpful in reducing the overconfidence bias?

A) Give prompt feedback to the person about his or her decisions.
B) Have the person consider disconfirming information.
C) Have the person think about why he or she could be wrong.
D) Give the person feedback about others' performance.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Question 32

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Feng joins the production department of a textile company as a trainee.He finds out that his colleagues believe he is unfriendly and arrogant because he talks less.They do not consider the fact that he belongs to a culture different from their own in which talking less is highly valued.In the context of social thinking,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

A) the insufficient justification effect
B) counterfactual thinking
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) cognitive dissonance

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 33

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When Bob turned in his assignment late,his boss believed it was because Bob is a lazy person.Bob's boss made a:

During an experiment,the participants are shown a video of a pack of wolves attacking a man.After the video ends,the experimenter refers to the video and discusses the ferocious nature of certain breeds of dogs with the participants.Next,the participants are asked to describe the video shown to them in their own words.It is found that most of the participants use the word "dog" instead of "wolf" when describing the video.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates:

Counterfactual thinking occurs when:

Every semester,you underestimate how long you will take to complete a research paper that is due at the end of the term.Your behavior is an example of the:

The tendency to judge something by intuitively comparing it to our mental representation of a category is to use the _____ heuristic.

Which of the following is NOT an example of automatic thinking?

After 9/11,many people abandoned air travel most likely because of the:

Andrea's mother invites Andrea and her boyfriend for dinner.She tells Andrea that she will make sushi.Hearing this,Andrea remembers a previous instance when her boyfriend had an allergic reaction to seafood.This scenario exemplifies:

Your brother appears to be self-assured when talking to others.You realize that your brother is more often confident about things rather than accurate about them.Your brother's behavior can be explained by the:

Which of the following is NOT an example of automatic thinking?

When people viewed the videotape of a suspect confessing during a police interview with the camera focused on the suspect,they perceived the confession as genuine.When the camera was focused on the detective,they perceived the confession as coerced.This is an example of the:

In a study conducted by Lassiter et al.(2005,2007) and Lassiter and Irvine (1986) ,participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview.The results indicated that the participants were likely to perceive the confession as genuine when:

The persistence of one's initial conceptions is called:

While waiting to cross the street,you witness a man ignoring the red signal and causing an accident.Then,the man who caused the accident gets out of his car to talk to you.He tells you that the signal was yellow when he tried crossing the street.Later,you tell the police that you remember the signal being yellow,not red,when the man tried crossing the intersection.This scenario illustrates:

According to Gilbert and Malone (1995) and Heider (1958) ,which of the following psychological theories analyzes how one explains people's behavior and what one infers from it?

Assuming most crimes involve violence because the media generally reports stories on rapes,robberies,and beatings is an example of the _____ heuristic.

Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for why we study attribution errors?

Elijah plans a picnic by the seaside with his cousins.Just before they leave,it starts raining heavily.Elijah gets exasperated and remarks that it always rains whenever he plans an outing.He ignores the fact that it is the rainy season.In the context of psychology,this scenario illustrates: