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Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

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Question 41

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Richard Miller and colleagues (1975) investigated the reduction of littering in three classrooms.Which class still showed a reduction in littering 2 weeks after the study ended?

A) the class that was repeatedly told that they should be neat and tidy
B) the class that was reprimanded repeatedly for littering
C) the class that was repeatedly congratulated for being neat and tidy
D) the class whose littering was ignored

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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In the context of reconstructing past attitudes,researchers asked students to answer a long survey that included a question about student control over the university curriculum.A week later,they agreed to write an essay opposing student control.After doing so,their attitudes shifted toward greater opposition to student control.When asked to recall how they had felt about the same issue a week earlier,most of the students:

A) remembered having held a very different attitude.
B) could not remember how they had felt.
C) remembered having felt the same as they do now.
D) admitted they had always supported student control of the university curriculum but pretended to oppose it in their essays.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 43

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When we are eager to seek information that verifies our beliefs but less inclined to seek evidence that might disprove our beliefs,the _____ occurs.

You are consistently late for your psychology class because the biology class scheduled immediately before the psychology class is in a different building in the campus.You are concerned as your professor may conclude you are not a serious student because of your chronic tardiness.So,you inform her why you are always late.Which of the following types of attributions is your professor likely to make about your behavior?

Attributing behavior to a person's traits is called a(n) _____ attribution.

Implicit thinking that is effortless,habitual,and without awareness is called:

In the context of social thinking,which of the following exemplifies the fundamental attribution error?

Natalie's friend Jordan enjoys eating good food and visits new restaurants every week.He watches cooking shows regularly and does not shy away from trying new cuisines.Seeing his interest in food,Natalie assumes that Jordan is an expert cook.Which of the following concepts of psychology is illustrated in Natalie's assumption?

Researchers Edward Jones and Victor Harris (1967) had Duke University students read debaters' speeches supporting or attacking Cuba's leader at the time,Fidel Castro.When told that the debater chose which position to take,the students:

Although you once earned a 100 in your physics exam,you have subsequently been unable to earn a perfect score again.Your experience may be understood in terms of:

The idea that chance events are subject to our influence describes:

In the context of social thinking,which of the following illustrates a dispositional attribution?

According to Jellison and Green (1981) ,an individualistic Western worldview predisposes people to _____.

Your boss is always cranky.You assume this is because he has not been given a raise for the last 10 years.What type of attribution are you making to explain his behavior?

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to _____ situational influences and _____ dispositional influences upon others' behavior.

Jack and Jill are playing a game of "Monopoly." Jack is losing,but if he rolls at least an 11,he will be able to pass "Go" and collect $200.When his turn comes,he throws the dice as hard as he can hoping to roll a high number.Jack most clearly holds:

According to the fundamental attribution error,observers:

Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that:

During his project presentation,Bob falls sick and performs poorly.However,his colleague,Dan,concludes that Bob is timid and lacks confidence.Dan's tendency to ignore Bob's sickness and focus on his traits as a reason for his poor performance exemplifies the:

The theory of how people explain others' behavior by ascribing it either to internal dispositions or to external situations is called: