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A __________ cost is one that includes both fixed and variable cost components;a ______________ cost is one that reflects a step pattern. Answers must appear in this order.

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A company's product sells at $12 per unit and has a $5 per unit variable cost.The company's total fixed costs are $98,000.The contribution margin per unit is:


A) $5.00.
B) $7.00.
C) $8.17.
D) $12.00.
E) $17.00.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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During a recent fiscal year,Creek Company reported pretax income of $125,000,a contribution margin ratio of 25% and total contribution margin of $400,000.Total variable costs must have been:


A) $1,100,000.
B) $1,200,000.
C) $500,000.
D) $1,600,000.
E) $2,100,000.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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A term describing a firm's normal range of operating activities is:


A) Relevant range of operations.
B) Break-even level of operations.
C) Margin of safety of operations.
D) Relevant operating analysis.
E) High-low level of operations.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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The contribution margin per unit expressed as a percentage of the product's selling price is the:


A) Volume variance.
B) Margin of safety.
C) Contribution margin ratio.
D) Break-even point.
E) Rate of return on sales.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Gladstone Co.has expected sales of $326,000 for the upcoming month and its monthly break even sales are $300,000.What is the margin of safety as a percent of sales,rounded to the nearest whole percent?


A) 9%.
B) 108%.
C) 52%.
D) 8%.
E) 92%.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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The extent,or relative size,of fixed costs in the total cost structure is known as operating leverage.

A) True
B) False

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During its most recent fiscal year,Raphael Enterprises sold 200,000 electric screwdrivers at a price of $15 each.Fixed costs amounted to $400,000 and pretax income was $600,000.What amount should have been reported as variable costs in the company's contribution margin income statement for the year in question?


A) $2,400,000.
B) $1,600,000.
C) $3,000,000.
D) $2,000,000.
E) $1,000,000.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The contribution margin per unit is the price at which a unit must be sold in order for the company to break even.

A) True
B) False

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Alvarez Company's break-even point in units is 1,000.The sales price per unit is $10 and variable cost per unit is $7.If the company sells 2,500 units,what will net income be?


A) $4,500
B) $7,500
C) $17,000
D) $35,000
E) $3,000

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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At Midland Company's break-even point of 9,000 units,fixed costs are $180,000 and variable costs are $540,000 in total.The unit sales price is:


A) $20.
B) $40.
C) $60.
D) $80.
E) $100.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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A product sells for $200 per unit,and its variable costs per unit are $130.The fixed costs are $420,000.If the firm wants to earn $35,000 pretax income,how many units must be sold?


A) 6,500.
B) 6,000.
C) 500.
D) 5,000.
E) 5,500.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Three important assumptions in cost-volume-profit analysis is that (1)_______________ per unit is constant, (2)_____________ per unit is constant,and (3)______________ are constant in total. The first and second answers are interchangeable.The third answer must as shown.

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McCoy Brothers manufactures and sells two products,A and Z in the ratio of 5:2.Product A sells for $75;Z sells for $95.Variable costs for product A are $35;for Z $40.Fixed costs are $418,500.Compute the contribution margin per composite unit.


A) $310.
B) $200.
C) $300.
D) $330.
E) $285.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A cost that changes in proportion to changes in volume of activity is a(n) :


A) Differential cost.
B) Fixed cost.
C) Incremental cost.
D) Variable cost.
E) Product cost.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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A company has fixed costs of $90,000.Its contribution margin ratio is 30% and the product sells for $75 per unit.What is the company's break-even point in dollar sales?


A) $60,000.
B) $128,571.
C) $180,000.
D) $210,000.
E) $300,000.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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Contribution margin per unit is the amount by which a product's unit selling price exceeds its total variable cost per unit.

A) True
B) False

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Maroon Company's contribution margin ratio is 24%.Total fixed costs are $84,000.What is Maroon's break-even point in sales dollars?


A) $20,160.
B) $110,526.
C) $350,000.
D) $240,000.
E) $84,000.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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A method that estimates cost behavior by using just the highest and lowest volume levels is called the:


A) Scatter method.
B) High-low method.
C) Least-squares method.
D) Break-even method.
E) Step-wise method.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Curvilinear costs always increase:


A) With decreases in volume.
B) In constant proportion to changes in production levels.
C) When management performs break-even analysis.
D) When volume increases,but at a nonconstant rate.
E) On a per unit basis when volume of activity goes down.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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