Question 1

Maria's therapist instructed her to monitor her attributions for successes and failures. Maria is probably participating in

Accepted Answer

A)   rescue style therapy.
B)   explanatory style therapy.
C)   salvage therapy.
D)   group therapy.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Rosenhan and his colleagues (1973)  faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

Accepted Answer

A)   professional clinicians quickly distinguished them from the real patients and released them from the hospital.
B)   the clinicians sought and found evidence in their histories and behavior to confirm their admitting diagnoses.
C)   the pseudopatients were abandoned by the hospital's real patients.
D)   the pseudopatients absorbed their "sick" roles and developed additional symptoms in the course of their treatment.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Review the findings on the relationship between friendships and happiness.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found a strong corr...

Question 4

Peterson and Seligman (1987)  analyzed the press quotes of baseball's Hall of Famers and found that those who routinely offered pessimistic explanations for bad events, like losing big games, were more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   earn lower salaries.
B)   experience divorce.
C)   play aggressively.
D)   die at younger ages.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Phyllis is depressed. Her explanatory style is LEAST likely to attribute her failure at getting a new job to a _____ cause.

Accepted Answer

A)   stable
B)   global
C)   specific
D)   internalE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

_____ techniques trigger the most dramatic and immediate behavior changes.

Accepted Answer

A)   Social skills training
B)   Explanatory style therapy
C)   Coercive
D)   PsychoanalyticE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Given its prevalence, _____ is the common cold of psychological disorders and ____ is the headache.

Accepted Answer

A)   loneliness; depression
B)   anxiety; shyness
C)   shyness; anxiety
D)   depression; lonelinessE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Rosenhan's famous study of diagnosis and treatment in mental hospitals indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)   tests of personality are inexact.
B)   clinicians tended to reinterpret client information to confirm the diagnosis applied to that client.
C)   statistical prediction was more accurate than clinical intuition.
D)   early childhood trauma predicted onset of adult schizophrenia.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

According to Seligman (2002) , near-epidemic levels of depression in America today, ironically, can be blamed in part on the promotion of attitudes that say,

Accepted Answer

A)   "Everybody needs somebody sometime."
B)   "You can make it on your own."
C)   "You're nobody if nobody loves you."
D)   "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die."E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Identify a true statement about health risks and people with close relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)   They are less likely to die prematurely than lonely people.
B)   They are more likely to have less sleep than people who are lonely.
C)   They are more likely to experience stress.
D)   They are less likely to be satisfied with their personal health.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or setback specifically illustrates the stable quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)   "It's all my fault."
B)   "It's going to last forever."
C)   "The whole world is against me."
D)   "It's going to affect everything I do."E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological difficulties is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental psychology.
B)   comparative psychology.
C)   biopsychology.
D)   clinical psychology.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Researchers suggests that we can avoid self-confirming diagnoses by

Accepted Answer

A)   looking for illusory correlations.
B)   carefully monitoring the information that is consistent with our ideas.
C)   considering opposing ideas and then testing them.
D)   confirming our intuitions.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Dr. Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the causes and control of stress-related illnesses. Dr. Jones is most likely a(n)  _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   social
B)   gestalt
C)   forensic
D)   healthE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following is FALSE about women and illness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Women get sick more often than men.
B)   Women take more prescription and nonprescription drugs than men.
C)   Women report more symptoms than men.
D)   Women visit doctors more often than men.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

In Rosenhan's study (1973) , clinicians who dealt with pseudopatients who had faked symptoms to get into mental hospitals demonstrated the error of

Accepted Answer

A)   projection bias.
B)   hindsight bias.
C)   self-handicapping.
D)   impact bias.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The negative correlation between poverty and health is likely caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   reduced material possessions.
B)   increased stress.
C)   reduced health care.
D)   unhealthy lifestyle.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Psychologists believe that social influence is an insignificant part of therapy.
B)   Therapists begin with establishing credibility and trust.
C)   A key component in therapy is helping clients think differently.
D)   Change in therapy is best maintained when people attribute their improvement to internal rather than external factors.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

The _____ style people use to explain bad events makes illness _____ likely.

Accepted Answer

A)   eccentric; less
B)   pessimistic; more
C)   pessimistic; less
D)   optimistic; moreE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following explains the relationship between depression and negative thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)   Depressed moods do not cause negative thinking.
B)   Negative thinking always causes major depression.
C)   Depression and negative thinking are unrelated in laboratory experiments.
D)   Depressed moods can cause negative thinking and vice versa.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 14: Personality

Which of the following is FALSE about women and illness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rosenhan's famous study of diagnosis and treatment in mental hospitals indicated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or setback specifically illustrates the stable quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maria's therapist instructed her to monitor her attributions for successes and failures. Maria is probably participating in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers suggests that we can avoid self-confirming diagnoses by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given its prevalence, _____ is the common cold of psychological disorders and ____ is the headache.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rosenhan and his colleagues (1973) faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phyllis is depressed. Her explanatory style is LEAST likely to attribute her failure at getting a new job to a _____ cause.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following explains the relationship between depression and negative thinking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The negative correlation between poverty and health is likely caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a true statement about health risks and people with close relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Review the findings on the relationship between friendships and happiness.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISeveral studies have found a strong corr...View AnswerShow Answer

Peterson and Seligman (1987) analyzed the press quotes of baseball's Hall of Famers and found that those who routinely offered pessimistic explanations for bad events, like losing big games, were more likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological difficulties is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the causes and control of stress-related illnesses. Dr. Jones is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT true about the process of therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman (2002) , near-epidemic levels of depression in America today, ironically, can be blamed in part on the promotion of attitudes that say,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Rosenhan's study (1973) , clinicians who dealt with pseudopatients who had faked symptoms to get into mental hospitals demonstrated the error of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ style people use to explain bad events makes illness _____ likely.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ techniques trigger the most dramatic and immediate behavior changes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Given its prevalence, _ is the common cold of psychological disorders and is the headache.

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Several studies have found a strong corr...
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The _ style people use to explain bad events makes illness _ likely.

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