Question 1

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Accepted Answer

A)   statistical prediction is usually superior to expert intuition.
B)   expert intuition is usually superior to statistical intuition.
C)   statistical prediction and expert intuition do equally well.
D)   both methods usually fare no better than chance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Some physicians take credit when things go well but not take blame for failure. This is indicative of their _____ in research.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias
B)   testing effect
C)   impact bias
D)   context effectE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

In the context of estimating control, judgements, and accuracy, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mildly depressed individuals make more self-serving judgments than do nondepressed individuals.
B)   Mildly depressed people are less attuned to others' feelings than are nondepressed people.
C)   Compared to depressed individuals, nondepressed individuals more accurately estimate their control over situations.
D)   Mildly depressed individuals are often more accurate in their memories than nondepressed individuals.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)   "This is all my fault."
B)   "I've learned my lesson."
C)   "This is going to ruin everything."
D)   "Things are going to be terrible from now on."E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory thinking.
B)   the fundamental attribution error.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   obscurantism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about the impact of mood on human behavior and cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Moods modify memories.
B)   Depressed moods cause negative thinking.
C)   When we feel happy, we think happy.
D)   Depressed moods don't affect behavior.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Prediction is most likely to be accurate when based on

Accepted Answer

A)   statistics.
B)   clinical intuition.
C)   past experience.
D)   instincts.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Research has reported that newlywed couples who become angry while discussing problems

Accepted Answer

A)   experience catharsis and have better long-term relationships with their spouses.
B)   are less susceptible to problems of depression and loneliness.
C)   suffer more immune system suppression the next day.
D)   are more prone to develop colon cancer in the subsequent six months.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981)  found that shy women were no longer shy when they

Accepted Answer

A)   were provided an alternative explanation for their social anxiety.
B)   were provided alcohol before interacting with others.
C)   discovered that most people feel shy.
D)   were taught to blame their failures on circumstances beyond their control.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

In comparison to those in Western cultures, depressed people in Japan are more likely to report feeling

Accepted Answer

A)   guilt and self-blame over personal failure.
B)   shame over letting down their family or co-workers.
C)   sad about social problems such as poverty and discrimination.
D)   hopeless and helpless when things don't go well for them.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Define illusory correlation. Provide an example of it from your own life.

Accepted Answer

Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias...

Question 12

According to Seligman's (2002)  analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in today's Western world, most of us feel that, if we do not "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Accepted Answer

A)   our parents.
B)   only the government.
C)   the alienation of the modern world.
D)   only ourselves.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates specifically the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)   "It's my fault."
B)   "It's going to last forever."
C)   "It's going to affect everything I do."
D)   "It's the same with everybody."E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

According to the self-presentation theory, we will feel social anxiety when we are

Accepted Answer

A)   motivated to impress others but have self-doubts.
B)   motivated and able to impress others, but they ignore us.
C)   in any circumstance in which we can be observed.
D)   deeply depressed about being alone.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981)  found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were subsequently _____ when interacting with a handsome male.

Accepted Answer

A)   with a pounding heart; no longer so shy
B)   unaffected; no longer so shy
C)   with a pounding heart; even more shy
D)   unaffected; unaffectedE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

The similarity between chronically lonely people and depressed people with a negative explanatory style is that

Accepted Answer

A)   both blame others for poor social relationships.
B)   both perceive their interactions as making the best impression.
C)   both perceive others in a positive way.
D)   both see most things as beyond their control.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   Forer
B)   sadder-but-wiser
C)   false consensus
D)   pseudocentricityE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986)  supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Accepted Answer

A)   become dependent on their therapist.
B)   reduce their social anxiety.
C)   increase their level of nervousness.
D)   become more shy six months after treatment.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

As a result of participating in a program to help her quit smoking, Anne has not had a cigarette for three weeks. She is least likely to return to smoking if she attributes her success in quitting the habit to

Accepted Answer

A)   her own motivation.
B)   the therapist who helped her quit.
C)   the support of her friends.
D)   the unique nature of the therapeutic program.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Shy, anxious people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   overpersonalize situations.
B)   be unaware of their self-consciousness.
C)   see incidental events as irrelevant to themselves.
D)   be assertive and disapproving.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 14: Personality

Some physicians take credit when things go well but not take blame for failure. This is indicative of their _____ in research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _____ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were subsequently _____ when interacting with a handsome male.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prediction is most likely to be accurate when based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has reported that newlywed couples who become angry while discussing problems

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparison to those in Western cultures, depressed people in Japan are more likely to report feeling

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the self-presentation theory, we will feel social anxiety when we are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define illusory correlation. Provide an example of it from your own life.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIllusory correlation is a cognitive bias...View AnswerShow Answer

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can lead shy men to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women were no longer shy when they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shy, anxious people tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates specifically the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a result of participating in a program to help her quit smoking, Anne has not had a cigarette for three weeks. She is least likely to return to smoking if she attributes her success in quitting the habit to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The similarity between chronically lonely people and depressed people with a negative explanatory style is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman's (2002) analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of depression in today's Western world, most of us feel that, if we do not "make it" in today's world, we can blame

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about the impact of mood on human behavior and cognition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When researchers pit statistical prediction-such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores-against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of estimating control, judgements, and accuracy, which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _ were subsequently _ when interacting with a handsome male.

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Answered by ExamLex AI
Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias...
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