Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   Unmarried people tend to live healthier, longer lives than their married counterparts.
B)   Those who have close relationships with friends and kin are less likely to die prematurely.
C)   Those who enjoy close relationships eat better, exercise more, and smoke and drink less.
D)   Lonely people often experience more stress and are more likely to commit suicide.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986)  concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program

Accepted Answer

A)   employed skilled counselors who took responsibility for inspiring the men to feel confident and competent.
B)   included no counseling, so the participants made internal attributions for their success.
C)   trained the participants in specific communication skills and mentored them throughout the program.
D)   paved the way for conversational success by providing many external reasons for initiating conversation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Dr. Jones believes that when his diagnoses and treatments of patients go well it is because he is a great doctor. If something goes wrong, though, he says it is because the patients were not 100% truthful or a previous doctor made an error. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   the self-serving bias.
C)   the hindsight bias.
D)   an illusory correlation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Accepted Answer

A)   close relationships predict health.
B)   close relationships promote stress and some forms of illness.
C)   lonely people are better equipped to deal with stress than those with close relationships.
D)   physical health is not linked to social support.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

According to Renaud and Estess (1961) , therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

Accepted Answer

A)   clients who are males.
B)   clients who are real victims of childhood sex abuse.
C)   clients who are healthy, successful adults.
D)   all clients.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Shy people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   make a good first impression.
B)   depersonalize social situations.
C)   become disliked over time.
D)   be self-conscious.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

In the context of the negative explanatory style, which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

Accepted Answer

A)   "It's a temporary setback."
B)   "This ruins everything."
C)   "It's my fault."
D)   "The whole world is against me."E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression, loneliness, and shyness by changing negative thought patterns about oneself and the future.

Accepted Answer

A)   Defensive pessimism
B)   Explanatory style therapy
C)   Nominative determinism
D)   Behavioral modification therapyE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Which is NOT an example of how emotions are linked with illness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heart disease has been linked with a competitive, anger-prone personality.
B)   Depression is linked with heart disease.
C)   Anger, depression, and stress are heartfelt emotions.
D)   Stress decreases the production of inflammation-producing proteins.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

In the context of health and illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Men have higher rates of hypertension and ulcers.
B)   Women are more often sick.
C)   Women are more likely than men to visit a physician.
D)   Men use fewer prescription and nonprescription drugs.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)   social learning theory
B)   self-presentation theory
C)   self-perception theory
D)   cognitive dissonance theoryE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) , which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Accepted Answer

A)   negative experiences
B)   self-blame
C)   depressed mood
D)   defensive pessimismE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Accepted Answer

A)   are more likely to experience illness.
B)   are less likely to die at younger ages than optimists.
C)   tend to be impulsive and resistant to influence.
D)   tend to have highly active immune defenses.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-confirming diagnoses.
B)   the illusion of control.
C)   egocentric bias.
D)   illusory correlations.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

According to Seligman, what is the cause of the near-epidemic levels of depression in the Western world?

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory correlations
B)   self-focus and self-blame
C)   close relationship with friends and relatives
D)   lack of exerciseE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

According to James Maddux, professional clinicians are

Accepted Answer

A)   not vulnerable to insidious errors and biases.
B)   seldom the victims of illusory correlation.
C)   likely to overestimate their clinical intuition.
D)   aware that erroneous diagnoses can be self-confirming.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Describe the relationship between poverty, inequality, health, and happiness.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between poverty, inequa...

Question 18

Who is LEAST likely to feel anxious?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vanessa who is eating by herself in a local diner.
B)   Uma who is giving a speech to a gathering of her professional peers.
C)   Jake who is going to his first school dance.
D)   Arnold who is being interviewed for a much-wanted job.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 14: Personality

According to James Maddux, professional clinicians are

Correct Answer
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Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Correct Answer
verified

According to Renaud and Estess (1961) , therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

Correct Answer
verified

Who is LEAST likely to feel anxious?

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of health and illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the relationship between poverty, inequality, health, and happiness.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The relationship between poverty, inequa...
View Answer

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Correct Answer
verified

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Correct Answer
verified

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) , which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT an example of how emotions are linked with illness?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression, loneliness, and shyness by changing negative thought patterns about oneself and the future.

Correct Answer
verified

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program

Correct Answer
verified

According to Seligman, what is the cause of the near-epidemic levels of depression in the Western world?

Correct Answer
verified

Dr. Jones believes that when his diagnoses and treatments of patients go well it is because he is a great doctor. If something goes wrong, though, he says it is because the patients were not 100% truthful or a previous doctor made an error. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of the negative explanatory style, which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Correct Answer
verified

Shy people tend to

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: Personality

According to James Maddux, professional clinicians are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Renaud and Estess (1961) , therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who is LEAST likely to feel anxious?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of health and illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the relationship between poverty, inequality, health, and happiness.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe relationship between poverty, inequa...View AnswerShow Answer

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985) , which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT an example of how emotions are linked with illness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ breaks the vicious circles that maintain depression, loneliness, and shyness by changing negative thought patterns about oneself and the future.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy men may have occurred because their program

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman, what is the cause of the near-epidemic levels of depression in the Western world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Jones believes that when his diagnoses and treatments of patients go well it is because he is a great doctor. If something goes wrong, though, he says it is because the patients were not 100% truthful or a previous doctor made an error. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of the negative explanatory style, which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is FALSE about health and close relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shy people tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The relationship between poverty, inequa...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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