Question 1

When asked if she likes her new neighbor, Alice says "I guess so. I say "hello" to her all the time and loaned her my favorite book the other day." Alice's feelings are best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)   self-perception theory.
B)   cognitive dissonance theory.
C)   the insufficient justification effect.
D)   the overjustification effect.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Choose an attitude of your own that has changed. Analyze the reasons for that change using the theories from this chapter.

Accepted Answer

One attitude of my own that has changed ...

Question 3

In 1964, Leon Festinger observed that

Accepted Answer

A)   changing people's attitude often hardly affects their behavior.
B)   attitudes guide behaviors.
C)   people's behavior are a result of their changing attitudes.
D)   attitudes and behaviors varied together.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior, we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally. Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-inducement
B)   self-presentation
C)   cognitive justification
D)   cognitive dissonanceE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of the dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It explains what happens when one acts contrary to one's clearly defined attitudes.
B)   It is ideal in explaining attitude formation.
C)   It predominantly explains changes that occur without dissonance.
D)   It best explains the overjustification effect.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

People's attitude toward religion is a(n)  _____ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Accepted Answer

A)   strong
B)   average
C)   poor
D)   reliableE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations in regards to the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Self-perception and dissonance explanati...

Question 8

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Accepted Answer

A)   care.
B)   connotation.
C)   cognition.
D)   concern.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance,

Accepted Answer

A)   we form additional reasons for that decision or choice.
B)   we begin to doubt our reasons for making that decision or choice.
C)   we become less confident about the decision or choice.
D)   the option we did not choose becomes more attractive.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Drawing on the overjustification effect, if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

Accepted Answer

A)   force Harry to watch PBS.
B)   punish Harry less for watching MTV but more for watching PBS.
C)   promise and give rewards for watching MTV.
D)   punish Harry for watching MTV.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky, while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-presentation theory
B)   self-consistency theory
C)   cognitive dissonance theory
D)   self-perception theoryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to

Accepted Answer

A)   feel increasingly guilty.
B)   disparage the victim to justify the behavior.
C)   act more kindly toward others.
D)   become more aggressive toward others.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Identify the true statement about role playing studies.

Accepted Answer

A)   It infers that humans are powerless machines.
B)   It concludes that people remain unaffected by their surroundings and hardly change their behaviors to match to those around them.
C)   It confirms that people remain the same throughout the study without undergoing any minor or major transformation in their behavior.
D)   It highlights how an artificial role can subtly morph into what is real.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

As a teenager, your parents always compelled you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This shows that

Accepted Answer

A)   only enough incentive is not effective in eliciting desired behaviors.
B)   authoritarian management will be effective even when the authority is absent.
C)   people are unlikely to internalize forced behavior.
D)   behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following concerns regarding the interpretation of IAT (implicit association test)  results is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   It does not distinguish positive from negative biases
B)   It does not distinguish slow responding due to hostility from slow responding due to compassion
C)   It cannot reliably assess and compare individuals.
D)   It does not hold up to APA standards for validity.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

How do evil acts influence evil attitudes? Provide research examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Evil acts can influence evil attitudes i...

Question 17

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a republican presidential candidate?

Accepted Answer

A)   his/her implicit attitude
B)   his/her explicit attitude
C)   implicit association test
D)   Rorschach inkblot testE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true according to attitude research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Attitudes best predict behavior when they are formed by direct experience.
B)   Attitudes best predict behavior when they are more accessible, more enduring, and more likely to guide actions.
C)   Attitudes best predict behavior when they are specific to the behavior of the subjects.
D)   Attitudes best predict behavior when social influences on the subjects are the highest.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. As a result, your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g., when you ran your first marathon) . According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased
B)   increased
C)   downgrade
D)   erodeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint, people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions. Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)   brainwashing
B)   self-perception theory
C)   overconfidence effect
D)   selective exposureE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Choose an attitude of your own that has changed. Analyze the reasons for that change using the theories from this chapter.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne attitude of my own that has changed ...View AnswerShow Answer

Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1964, Leon Festinger observed that

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As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. As a result, your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g., when you ran your first marathon) . According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a teenager, your parents always compelled you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This shows that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint, people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions. Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the true statement about role playing studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a republican presidential candidate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drawing on the overjustification effect, if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following concerns regarding the interpretation of IAT (implicit association test) results is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations in regards to the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISelf-perception and dissonance explanati...View AnswerShow Answer

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky, while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true according to attitude research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior, we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally. Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _____ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When asked if she likes her new neighbor, Alice says "I guess so. I say "hello" to her all the time and loaned her my favorite book the other day." Alice's feelings are best explained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the dissonance theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do evil acts influence evil attitudes? Provide research examples to support your answer.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEvil acts can influence evil attitudes i...View AnswerShow Answer

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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