Question 1

In a distribution of test scores, which measure of central tendency would likely be the most affected by a couple of extremely high scores?

Accepted Answer

A)   median
B)   mode
C)   standard deviation
D)   meanE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

The average scores of two samples taken from the same population are most likely to differ if

Accepted Answer

A)   the samples are both small.
B)   the standard deviations of the samples are both small.
C)   the samples differ from each other in size.
D)   the sample means are both similar to the sample medians.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

To verify the reliability of a new scientific finding, psychological researchers are most likely to engage in

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation.
B)   random sampling.
C)   replication.
D)   positive correlation.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

A scatterplot graphically depicts the

Accepted Answer

A)   standard deviation of a distribution of scores.
B)   arithmetic average of a distribution of scores.
C)   total population from which samples may be drawn.
D)   degree of relationship between two variables.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following correlations expresses the strongest degree of relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)   +0.10
B)   -0.67
C)   -0.10
D)   +0.59E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Experimentation is more useful than correlational research for testing the claim that

Accepted Answer

A)   children who view a great deal of television violence are also likely to be unusually aggressive.
B)   people who exercise frequently are less likely to suffer from depression than infrequent exercisers.
C)   people's friendliness and feelings of happiness are increased by the consumption of alcohol.
D)   people who consume excessive amounts of coffee experience higher-than-normal levels of anxiety.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

In an experimental study of the extent to which sexual arousal is stimulated by laughter, sexual arousal would be the

Accepted Answer

A)   control condition.
B)   experimental condition.
C)   independent variable.
D)   dependent variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

A correlation between levels of impulsiveness and annual income of -0.75 would indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   lower levels of impulsiveness are associated with lower levels of annual income.
B)   higher levels of annual income are associated with lower levels of impulsiveness.
C)   it is impossible to predict annual income levels from knowledge of impulsiveness levels.
D)   impulsiveness has no causal influence on annual income.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

In a test of the effects of cigarette smoking on physical health and development, groups of monkeys were raised in either a smoke-free or smoke-infested environment. Monkeys in the smoke-infested environment were assigned to the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   survey
C)   control
D)   experimentalE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

The arithmetic average of a distribution of scores is the

Accepted Answer

A)   mode.
B)   median.
C)   standard deviation.
D)   mean.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Two students in an art class are at least 20 years older than the others. Which measure of variation of class members' ages is most affected by the ages of these two students?

Accepted Answer

A)   standard deviation
B)   mode
C)   median
D)   rangeE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political attitudes and the economic status of North Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)   the survey
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   experimentation
D)   the case studyE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

After his property was vandalized by a small group of teenagers, Mr. Mahmood concluded that most teenagers are irresponsible and delinquent. Mr. Mahmood ought to be reminded that accurate generalizations depend on

Accepted Answer

A)   a realization that random events may not look random.
B)   detecting cause-effect relationships.
C)   the observation of representative samples.
D)   the selection of samples from a skewed population.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following provides a rough indication of the degree of variation among a set of scores?

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation coefficient
B)   scatterplot
C)   range
D)   medianE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self-esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, you should

Accepted Answer

A)   construct a scatterplot.
B)   calculate a correlation coefficient.
C)   plot the distribution of self-esteem levels among all males and females.
D)   conduct a test of statistical significance.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Seven members of a debate club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cakes: $7, $13, $3, $5, $2, $9, and $3. In this distribution of individual earnings, the

Accepted Answer

A)   mean is greater than the mode and greater than the median.
B)   mean is equal to the mode and less than the median.
C)   mean is greater than the mode and equal to the median.
D)   mean is less than the mode and less than the median.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Faustin, a member of his school's golf team, has an opportunity to play against a nationally acclaimed professional golfer. How many holes of golf should Faustin choose to play with the professional in order to maximize his own slim chances of winning?

Accepted Answer

A)   9
B)   18
C)   27
D)   36E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable.
B)   hypothesis.
C)   theory.
D)   scatterplot.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These differing findings best illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   statistical significance.
B)   the placebo effect.
C)   random assignment.
D)   wording effects.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

The mode, median, and mean are measures of

Accepted Answer

A)   central tendency.
B)   variation.
C)   correlation.
D)   statistical significance.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 3: A: Research Strategies

In a distribution of test scores, which measure of central tendency would likely be the most affected by a couple of extremely high scores?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study of the extent to which sexual arousal is stimulated by laughter, sexual arousal would be the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self-esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Seven members of a debate club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cakes: $7, $13, $3, $5, $2, $9, and $3. In this distribution of individual earnings, the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These differing findings best illustrate the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimentation is more useful than correlational research for testing the claim that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To verify the reliability of a new scientific finding, psychological researchers are most likely to engage in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scatterplot graphically depicts the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a test of the effects of cigarette smoking on physical health and development, groups of monkeys were raised in either a smoke-free or smoke-infested environment. Monkeys in the smoke-infested environment were assigned to the _______ group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two students in an art class are at least 20 years older than the others. Which measure of variation of class members' ages is most affected by the ages of these two students?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political attitudes and the economic status of North Americans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mode, median, and mean are measures of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following provides a rough indication of the degree of variation among a set of scores?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After his property was vandalized by a small group of teenagers, Mr. Mahmood concluded that most teenagers are irresponsible and delinquent. Mr. Mahmood ought to be reminded that accurate generalizations depend on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Faustin, a member of his school's golf team, has an opportunity to play against a nationally acclaimed professional golfer. How many holes of golf should Faustin choose to play with the professional in order to maximize his own slim chances of winning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correlations expresses the strongest degree of relationship between two variables?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average scores of two samples taken from the same population are most likely to differ if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation between levels of impulsiveness and annual income of -0.75 would indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arithmetic average of a distribution of scores is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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