Question 1

The American toad and the Fowler's toad are closely related species whose ranges overlap. The American toad mates in the early part of summer, while the Fowler's toad mates later in the season. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism keeps these toads separate species?

Accepted Answer

A)   postzygotic isolation
B)   temporal isolation
C)   behavioral isolation
D)   habitat isolation
E)   mechanical isolationF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Which statement is true about nonrandom mating?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inbreeding is a form of nonrandom mating.
B)   A tall man preferentially marrying a tall woman is an example of nonrandom mating.
C)   Nonrandom mating violates the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
D)   The strongest male winning the opportunity to mate with his choice of females is an example of nonrandom mating.
E)   All of the answer choices are true statements about nonrandom mating.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Which line of evidence developed after Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)   comparative anatomy.
B)   biogeography.
C)   the fossil record.
D)   geography.
E)   biochemistry.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following mechanisms can disrupt genetic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)   founder effect
B)   differential reproduction
C)   genetic drift
D)   natural selection
E)   All of the answer choices describe mechanisms that can disrupt genetic equilibrium.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Fossil evidence from what organism supports the idea of continental drift?

Accepted Answer

A)   Archaeopteryx
B)   Glossopteris
C)   Euphorbia
D)   Ambulocetus
E)   BasilosaurusF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Which evidence for evolution includes impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)   fossil record
B)   biogeography
C)   comparative anatomy
D)   comparative embryology
E)   comparative biochemistryF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   geographical isolation.
B)   ecological isolation.
C)   behavioral isolation.
D)   physiological isolation.
E)   temporal isolation.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 8

Prokaryotes evolved about

Accepted Answer

A)   1 million years ago.
B)   4 million years ago.
C)   1 billion years ago.
D)   3.5 billion years ago.
E)   4.6 billion years old.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Mass extinctions

Accepted Answer

A)   are the result of humans damaging the natural environment.
B)   are the result of humans exploiting wildlife and using pesticides.
C)   occurred in cycles when organisms fail to evolve.
D)   have occurred about 4 or 5 times in fossil record.
E)   require life to evolve again from protocells.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Which organisms on the Galápagos Islands were most important in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   rabbits
B)   flowering plants
C)   finches
D)   fish
E)   batsF) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following is used by phylogeneticists specifically when constructing a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A)   shared derived characteristics
B)   homologous structures
C)   morphological data
D)   convergent evolution
E)   DNA sequencesF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following agents of evolutionary change results in adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)   mutation
B)   genetic drift
C)   gene flow
D)   nonrandom mating
E)   natural selectionF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

The Amish of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large. This is probably due to

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection.
B)   bottleneck effect.
C)   founder effect.
D)   vestigial structures.
E)   industrial melanism.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait. A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75)  are right-handed and 9 (0.25)  are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the expected genotype and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.75 right-handed homozygous dominant and 0.25 recessive homozygous for 3-to-1 right- to left-handed alleles in the population
B)   0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 3-to-1 right- to left-handed alleles in the population
C)   0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele
D)   0.50 right-handed homozygous, 0.25 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele
E)   They cannot be estimated using these limited data.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following contributes to evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)   mutations
B)   gene flow
C)   genetic drift
D)   natural selection
E)   All of the answer choices describe agents of evolution.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which statement describes the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a form of gene flow.
B)   It occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored.
C)   It occurs when the founding members of a population contain a tiny fraction of the alleles found in the original population.
D)   It occurs when a population is subjected to near extinction.
E)   It occurs due to nonrandom mating.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

The ________ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic drift
B)   gene flow
C)   gene pool
D)   adaptive radiation
E)   communityF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

Accepted Answer

A)   makes life more interesting.
B)   allows the species to survive if the environment changes.
C)   means that the gene pool is constant and unchanging.
D)   makes genetic drift an unlikely occurrence.
E)   will lead to nonrandom mating.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Which piece of evidence did Darwin observe during his 5-year journey aboard the HMS Beagle?

Accepted Answer

A)   A South American species of finch is most likely the ancestor of the Galápagos Island finches.
B)   Species do not change over time.
C)   The environment can change the phenotype of an organism and this is heritable.
D)   All species share the same basic genetic blueprint.
E)   The earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between amphibians, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, birds, and mammals, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   presence of a beak
B)   presence of hair
C)   give birth to live young
D)   four limbs
E)   production of milk to nourish their youngF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Exam 27: Evolution of Life

Which statement describes the bottleneck effect?

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Mass extinctions

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The Amish of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large. This is probably due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organisms on the Galápagos Islands were most important in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between amphibians, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, birds, and mammals, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The American toad and the Fowler's toad are closely related species whose ranges overlap. The American toad mates in the early part of summer, while the Fowler's toad mates later in the season. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism keeps these toads separate species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fossil evidence from what organism supports the idea of continental drift?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which line of evidence developed after Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait. A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75) are right-handed and 9 (0.25) are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the expected genotype and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which evidence for evolution includes impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following mechanisms can disrupt genetic equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following agents of evolutionary change results in adaptation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is true about nonrandom mating?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following contributes to evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which piece of evidence did Darwin observe during his 5-year journey aboard the HMS Beagle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prokaryotes evolved about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used by phylogeneticists specifically when constructing a cladogram?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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