Question 1

In a normal mammalian birth,how does the body guarantee that birth proceeds to completion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Via positive feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary causing even stronger uterine contractions.
B)  Via negative feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of FSH and LH from the posterior pituitary causing even stronger uterine contractions.
C)  Via positive feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of prolactin from the posterior pituitary causing even stronger uterine contractions.
D)  Via negative feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of prostaglandins from the posterior pituitary causing weaker uterine contractions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 2

Removing some fluid from directly around a developing human fetus is performed by inserting a long needle into the belly of the female patient.What extraembryonic membrane will be punctured in this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  chorion
B)  amnion
C)  chorionic villi
D)  external epithelium of motherE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

What factors stimulate uterine contractions and birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  FSH and prostaglandins
B)  LH and prostaglandins
C)  oxytocin and prostaglandins
D)  prolactin and prostaglandins
E)  hCG and prostaglandinsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following leads to the occurrence of vertebrate sense organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  both adrenal medullary cells and sympathetic neurons derive from the neural crest
B)  neural crest cells form both neurons that carry messages and cartilaginous bars
C)  the neural crest and associated sensory ganglia
D)  formation of the endoderm
E)  formation of the autonomic nervous systemF) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following result from sperm penetration? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  eggs complete meiosis
B)  haploid nucleus of egg undergoes final mitotic division
C)  movement of egg cytoplasm
D)  outer pigmented cap of egg cytoplasm rotates toward point of entry
E)  sharp increase in protein synthesisF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

What factor has the strongest influence on the cleavage pattern of an embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  viscosity of albumin
B)  amount of yolk
C)  maturity of cytoplasm
D)  oxygen in airE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

The developing embryo of reptiles,birds,and mammals is encased in the fluid-filled ________ membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  amniotic
B)  embryonic
C)  chorionic
D)  yolk sac
E)  allantoisF) A) and D)
G) A) and C) A

Question 8

What is critical to the development of neural crest cell derivatives?

Accepted Answer

A)  close contact with the notochord
B)  regulation of N-cadherin
C)  muscle development genes like muscle myosin
D)  strong cellular adhesions that lock the cells in the place of their originE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The human placenta is formed by the interaction of uterine tissue and what extraembryonic tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  amnion
B)  embrion
C)  chorion
D)  yolk sac
E)  allantoisF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Referring to the figure of sperm penetration and fusion,match the lettered description with the correct numbered step in the figure.
 
A. Some of the zona pellucida is degraded by acrosomal enzymes.
B. Enzymes are released by cortical granules that harden the zona pellucida.
C. Sperm and egg fuse at the plasma membrane.
D. Sperm penetrates the corona radiata.
E. The sperm nucleus dissociates and enters the cytoplasm.
F. Additional sperm can no longer penetrate.

-Step VI

Accepted Answer

A)  Some of the zona pellucida is degraded by acrosomal enzymes.
B)  Enzymes are released by cortical granules that harden the zona pellucida.
C)  Sperm and egg fuse at the plasma membrane.
D)  Sperm penetrates the corona radiata.
E)  The sperm nucleus dissociates and enters the cytoplasm.F) Additional sperm can no longer penetrate.G) E) and F)
H) D) and E)

Question 11

What human organ is formed from two genetically-different tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  neural crest
B)  neural tube
C)  placenta
D)  uterusE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Referring to the figure of sperm penetration and fusion,match the lettered description with the correct numbered step in the figure.
 
A. Some of the zona pellucida is degraded by acrosomal enzymes.
B. Enzymes are released by cortical granules that harden the zona pellucida.
C. Sperm and egg fuse at the plasma membrane.
D. Sperm penetrates the corona radiata.
E. The sperm nucleus dissociates and enters the cytoplasm.
F. Additional sperm can no longer penetrate.

-Step V

Accepted Answer

A)  Some of the zona pellucida is degraded by acrosomal enzymes.
B)  Enzymes are released by cortical granules that harden the zona pellucida.
C)  Sperm and egg fuse at the plasma membrane.
D)  Sperm penetrates the corona radiata.
E)  The sperm nucleus dissociates and enters the cytoplasm.F) Additional sperm can no longer penetrate.G) B) and E)
H) A) and E) B

Question 13

In the famous Spemann-Mangold experiment,what detail was crucial to understanding the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  transplanting the new dorsal lip cells to the same dorsal lip location in the second embryo
B)  using genetically different donor and host frogs
C)  placing the dorsal lip cells deep inside the archenteron
D)  treating the dorsal lip cells with morphogens before transplanting themE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

A research group claims that they have discovered microscopic fossilized embryos,including some at the blastula stage,but other researchers are skeptical.Finally,one student develops a technique for splitting the embryos in half to reveal the substructure.Cutting open the first blastocyst embryo,the student is very excited."It is a blastula!" she shouts,"Look,you can see the ________ inside!"

Accepted Answer

A)  granulosa cells
B)  hollow blastocoel
C)  archenteron
D)  neural tubeE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

What pattern of cleavage is characteristic of mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  holoblastic cleavage with eggs containing little or no yolk
B)  some yolk,and cleavage resulting in vegetal and animal poles
C)  meroblastic cleavage with eggs containing almost entirely yolk
D)  holoblastic cleavage with eggs containing very little yolk,but with the inner cell mass concentrated at one pole
E)  holoblastic cleavage with eggs containing very little yolk,but with the inner cell mass distributed uniformlyF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

What is the period of rapid cell division in which the embryo does not increase in overall size?

Accepted Answer

A)  syngamy
B)  cleavage
C)  neurulation
D)  meiosis
E)  crest formationF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 17

In mammals,embryonic cells form an inner cell mass that will become the body of the embryo and a layer of surrounding cells that will become the chorionic membrane and placenta.What are these surrounding cells called?

Accepted Answer

A)  blastocoel
B)  yolk
C)  blastodisc
D)  trophoblastE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

What actually begins the uterine contractions which leads to giving birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin
B)  prolactin
C)  estrogen
D)  prostaglandins
E)  the movement of the fetusF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 19

Referring to the figure of sperm penetration and fusion,match the lettered description with the correct numbered step in the figure.
 
A. Some of the zona pellucida is degraded by acrosomal enzymes.
B. Enzymes are released by cortical granules that harden the zona pellucida.
C. Sperm and egg fuse at the plasma membrane.
D. Sperm penetrates the corona radiata.
E. The sperm nucleus dissociates and enters the cytoplasm.
F. Additional sperm can no longer penetrate.

-Step III

Accepted Answer

A)  Some of the zona pellucida is degraded by acrosomal enzymes.
B)  Enzymes are released by cortical granules that harden the zona pellucida.
C)  Sperm and egg fuse at the plasma membrane.
D)  Sperm penetrates the corona radiata.
E)  The sperm nucleus dissociates and enters the cytoplasm.F) Additional sperm can no longer penetrate.G) B) and C)
H) A) and E)

Question 20

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-The heart begins to beat.

Accepted Answer

A)  third trimester of pregnancy
B)  second month of pregnancy
C)  first month of pregnancy
D)  second trimester of pregnancy
E)  third month of pregnancyF) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Exam 52: Animal Development

In a normal mammalian birth,how does the body guarantee that birth proceeds to completion?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Removing some fluid from directly around a developing human fetus is performed by inserting a long needle into the belly of the female patient.What extraembryonic membrane will be punctured in this process?

Correct Answer
verified

What factors stimulate uterine contractions and birth?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following leads to the occurrence of vertebrate sense organs?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following result from sperm penetration? (Check all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

What factor has the strongest influence on the cleavage pattern of an embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

The developing embryo of reptiles,birds,and mammals is encased in the fluid-filled ________ membrane.

Correct Answer
verified
A

What is critical to the development of neural crest cell derivatives?

Correct Answer
verified

The human placenta is formed by the interaction of uterine tissue and what extraembryonic tissue?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What human organ is formed from two genetically-different tissues?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

In the famous Spemann-Mangold experiment,what detail was crucial to understanding the result?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What pattern of cleavage is characteristic of mammals?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the period of rapid cell division in which the embryo does not increase in overall size?

Correct Answer
verified

In mammals,embryonic cells form an inner cell mass that will become the body of the embryo and a layer of surrounding cells that will become the chorionic membrane and placenta.What are these surrounding cells called?

Correct Answer
verified

What actually begins the uterine contractions which leads to giving birth?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -The heart begins to beat.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 52: Animal Development

In a normal mammalian birth,how does the body guarantee that birth proceeds to completion?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Removing some fluid from directly around a developing human fetus is performed by inserting a long needle into the belly of the female patient.What extraembryonic membrane will be punctured in this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factors stimulate uterine contractions and birth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following leads to the occurrence of vertebrate sense organs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following result from sperm penetration? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor has the strongest influence on the cleavage pattern of an embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The developing embryo of reptiles,birds,and mammals is encased in the fluid-filled ________ membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What is critical to the development of neural crest cell derivatives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human placenta is formed by the interaction of uterine tissue and what extraembryonic tissue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What human organ is formed from two genetically-different tissues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the famous Spemann-Mangold experiment,what detail was crucial to understanding the result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What pattern of cleavage is characteristic of mammals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the period of rapid cell division in which the embryo does not increase in overall size?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In mammals,embryonic cells form an inner cell mass that will become the body of the embryo and a layer of surrounding cells that will become the chorionic membrane and placenta.What are these surrounding cells called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What actually begins the uterine contractions which leads to giving birth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -The heart begins to beat.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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A

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B

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