Question 1

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

Accepted Answer

A)  blastulation
B)  archenteron formation
C)  morula formation
D)  gastrulation
E)  cleavageF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

What is the first milk that is produced after birth called?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactase
B)  colostrum
C)  hCG
D)  chorionic lactase
E)  allantoicaseF) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

What basic developmental challenge is solved by the organizer?

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancing migration of cells into the interior of the blastula
B)  assigning developmental fates to cells along the anterior-posterior axis
C)  creating an anterior-posterior axis by responding to maternally-deposited protein factors
D)  creating a dorsal-ventral axis from a spherical ball of cellsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

What stimulates milk production in mammary alveoli?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin
B)  prolactin
C)  chorionic gonadotropin
D)  progesterone
E)  estrogenF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

In 1999,researchers found that they could create hybrid embryos between two species of sea urchin that had been separated for 10 million years.By treating eggs to remove the jelly coat,the sperm of the other species was able to fertilize.What step of the fertilization process is normally blocked,preventing hybridization between these species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sperm penetration
B)  Membrane fusion
C)  Egg activation
D)  Nuclear fusionE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What would result if a defect in gastrulation caused too little mesoderm inside the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too little endoderm,resulting in missing gut and organs
B)  Too little ectoderm,resulting in missing nervous system or skin
C)  Problems in muscle development
D)  Too little protoderm,resulting in missing organsE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

In blind cave fish,eyes do not form.However,transplantation of the lens from a closely-related aboveground fish into the optic cup of the cave fish induces eye development.What does this suggest about the loss of vision in the cave fish?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary induction of the eye fails in the cave fish because the lens lacks some critical signal.
B)  Secondary induction of the eye fails in the cave fish because the lens lacks some critical signal.
C)  Primary induction of the eye fails in the cave fish because the optic cup lacks the ability to receive some critical signal.
D)  Secondary induction of the eye fails in the cave fish because the optic cup lacks the ability to receive some critical signal.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following animals undergoes rotational cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A)  echinoderms
B)  annelids
C)  amphibians
D)  mammals
E)  reptilesF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 9

What is the role of cleavage in the early embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  produce bigger cells
B)  produce many cells
C)  extrude polar bodies
D)  make the embryo larger
E)  create germ layersF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

In human females,what process causes milk production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of the alveoli of the mammary glands by prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland.
B)  Stimulation of the alveoli of the mammary glands by oxytocin from the anterior pituitary gland.
C)  Stimulation of the alveoli of the mammary glands by prolactin from the posterior pituitary gland.
D)  Stimulation of the alveoli of the mammary glands by oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland.
E)  Stimulation of the alveoli of the mammary glands by LH from the anterior pituitary gland.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

What can you conclude about a species heavily reliant on diffusible morphogens in early development?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are likely to have incomplete cleavage (a syncytium) .
B)  They are likely to lack an organizer.
C)  They are likely to have activation via a calcium wave.
D)  They are likely to have small amounts of yolk and holoblastic cleavage.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A couple conceives at the beginning of January.During which month will their child be undergoing organogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  January
B)  February
C)  March
D)  AprilE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

You are studying the development of a poorly-understood species at the 8-cell stage.You use a laser to zap away a certain one of the eight cells,and discover that part of the gut is missing once the embryos finish development.Your colleague,who is working on a different species,uses the laser to blast away one of the cells in her embryos,zapping each of the possible cells in a set of eight experiments.However,when the embryos finish development,every one is perfectly normal! What can you conclude about the two species?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first species has regulative development,the second has nonregulative development.
B)  The first species has nonregulative development,the second has regulative development.
C)  Both species have regulative development.
D)  Both species have nonregulative development.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In this diagram,which of the following numbers represents the actual event of egg activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  I
B)  II
C)  III
D)  IV
E)  VF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 15

What are the two components of the human placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  chorionic frondosum and chorionic villus
B)  chorionic frondosum and decidua basalis
C)  decidua basalis and chorionic villus
D)  chorionic villus and endometrium
E)  chorionic frondosum and amnionF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

400 micrograms a day of folic acid are recommended for all women of child-bearing age.Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the first weeks of pregnancy,before most women even realize they are pregnant (and almost half of pregnancies in the U.S.are unintended) .Knowing that folic acid promotes proper neural tube closure,which disease can be prevented by this supplement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spina bifida -- the vertebrae are unfused and may allow the spinal cord to protrude outside the body
B)  Horseshoe kidney -- the two kidneys are fused together across the midline
C)  Esophageal atresia -- the esophagus ends in a pouch,unconnected to the stomach
D)  Chronic otitis media -- frequent ear infections that can result from blocked eustachian tubesE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following activates the egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  entrance of sperm into the zona pellucida
B)  contact of sperm with the outside of the zona pellucida
C)  contact of sperm with the vitelline envelope
D)  fusion of sperm and egg membranes
E)  fusion of sperm and egg nucleiF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

What is the term for segmented blocks of tissue that form on either side of the notochord and are added sequentially?

Accepted Answer

A)  blastopores
B)  gastropores
C)  somites
D)  amniotic cells
E)  sensory neuronsF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

In 1998,researchers found that genes similar to the Drosophila gene tinman are necessary for heart development in vertebrates.What can you conclude about the ancient bilaterian ancestor of insects and vertebrates over 500 million years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fly species that eventually gave rise to vertebrates used tinman to make a heart.
B)  Something about heart development requires a gene to have a tinman-like sequence,but the vertebrate and invertebrate genes arose by convergent evolution -- so the ancestor had a similar but not homologous gene.
C)  The ancient ancestor lacked a heart,but already had a tinman-like gene.
D)  The ancestor had a heart-like structure that was specified by a tinman-like gene.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-The limbs,tail bud,and internal organs form.

Accepted Answer

A)  third trimester of pregnancy
B)  second month of pregnancy
C)  first month of pregnancy
D)  second trimester of pregnancy
E)  third month of pregnancyF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Exam 52: Animal Development

What basic developmental challenge is solved by the organizer?

Correct Answer
verified

A couple conceives at the beginning of January.During which month will their child be undergoing organogenesis?

Correct Answer
verified

In this diagram,which of the following numbers represents the actual event of egg activation?

Correct Answer
verified

In blind cave fish,eyes do not form.However,transplantation of the lens from a closely-related aboveground fish into the optic cup of the cave fish induces eye development.What does this suggest about the loss of vision in the cave fish?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the first milk that is produced after birth called?

Correct Answer
verified

What can you conclude about a species heavily reliant on diffusible morphogens in early development?

Correct Answer
verified

In human females,what process causes milk production?

Correct Answer
verified

What would result if a defect in gastrulation caused too little mesoderm inside the embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In 1998,researchers found that genes similar to the Drosophila gene tinman are necessary for heart development in vertebrates.What can you conclude about the ancient bilaterian ancestor of insects and vertebrates over 500 million years ago?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the term for segmented blocks of tissue that form on either side of the notochord and are added sequentially?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the two components of the human placenta?

Correct Answer
verified

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following activates the egg?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following animals undergoes rotational cleavage?

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -The limbs,tail bud,and internal organs form.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What stimulates milk production in mammary alveoli?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the role of cleavage in the early embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 52: Animal Development

What basic developmental challenge is solved by the organizer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A couple conceives at the beginning of January.During which month will their child be undergoing organogenesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In this diagram,which of the following numbers represents the actual event of egg activation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In blind cave fish,eyes do not form.However,transplantation of the lens from a closely-related aboveground fish into the optic cup of the cave fish induces eye development.What does this suggest about the loss of vision in the cave fish?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the first milk that is produced after birth called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can you conclude about a species heavily reliant on diffusible morphogens in early development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In human females,what process causes milk production?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would result if a defect in gastrulation caused too little mesoderm inside the embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1998,researchers found that genes similar to the Drosophila gene tinman are necessary for heart development in vertebrates.What can you conclude about the ancient bilaterian ancestor of insects and vertebrates over 500 million years ago?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term for segmented blocks of tissue that form on either side of the notochord and are added sequentially?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two components of the human placenta?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following activates the egg?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following animals undergoes rotational cleavage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -The limbs,tail bud,and internal organs form.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What stimulates milk production in mammary alveoli?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the role of cleavage in the early embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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