Question 1

Until renamed by Paul Ehrlich in the 1890s,the heat-labile,nonspecific part of the immune system that enhances inflammation was known as "alexin".We now know that various proteins of this system attract neutrophils to tissues,direct phagocytosis of targets by neutrophils and macrophages,burst pathogens by insertion of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ,stimulate histamine release,and increase capillary permeability.What did Ehrlich rename this part of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement
B)  contingent
C)  toll-like response
D)  acquired immunity
E)  MBLF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

What are two inflammatory mediators secreted by basophils and mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoglobulins and antibodies
B)  antibodies and antigens
C)  histamines and prostaglandins
D)  allergens and antigens
E)  pyrogens and prostaglandinsF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

A friend tells you the following story."My aunt just received a heart transplant.Her doctors warned us that her body might reject the tissue.I just can't understand how that could happen as human hearts are made of the same tissues,aren't they?" How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Yes,all human hearts are made of cardiac muscles."
B)  "Yes,all human hearts are made of cardiac muscles,except some humans have different tissues inside their hearts and this could lead to a tissue rejection by the recipient."
C)  "Yes,all human hearts are made of cardiac muscles.As far as the rejection of tissues goes,your aunt might have different antibodies than did the donor,which could lead to a rejection."
D)  "Yes,all human hearts are made of cardiac muscles.However,your aunt might have been given some type of drug during the transplant operation that might cause tissue rejection.You can never be too careful in a hospital,you know."
E)  "Yes,all human hearts are made of cardiac muscles.As far as the rejection issue,everyone has different MHC proteins on their tissues.Your aunt's immune system recognizes the 'self' tissues but can cause tissue rejection because of the 'nonself' tissue in her body having different MHC proteins."F) C) and D)
G) None of the above E

Question 4

A patient with melanoma receives three types of therapy: surgery,radiation,and interferon.Which of these represents something the immune system uses against cancer as well?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radiation -- a class of lymphocytes uses powerful electromagnetic radiation to attack "altered self" cells.
B)  Interferon -- TH cells and NK cells secrete interferon in response to tumor cells.
C)  Interferon -- NK cells insert interferon into the membranes of tumor cells,creating large pores that burst the cells.
D)  Interferon -- In complexes bound with MHC proteins,the interferons indicate the presence of altered tissue to B cells.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following are part of the inflammatory response? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies and interferons are produced against the antigens.
B)  Histamine and other chemicals are released,which produce redness,warmth,and edema.
C)  Invading agent causes the release of pyrogens,which produce a fever.
D)  Neutrophils and macrophages attack the invading microbes and contribute to the pus.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which cells produce specific antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells
B)  macrophages
C)  plasma cells
D)  T cells
E)  monocytesF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

Which statements about the complement system of vertebrates are correct? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The complement system is a part of the immune system of vertebrates.
B)  The complement system consists of approximately 30 different proteins that circulate in the plasma.
C)  If these proteins encounter the cell wall of a bacteria or fungi they form aggregations and eventually produce a pore that leads to the destruction of the invading cells.
D)  Although complement proteins attack invaders,they are not involved with histamine release.
E)  The complement system produces antibodies to bind invading cells.F) All of the above
G) C) and D) A,B,C

Question 8

Which is a treatment for autoimmune disease? 
I-administration of corticosteroids
II-administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
III-aspirin

Accepted Answer

A)  I only
B)  II only
C)  II and III
D)  I and II
E)  I,II,and IIIF) A) and B)
G) A) and C) E

Question 9

________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly,and attack the body's own tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  Septic
B)  Nondiscrete
C)  Autoimmune
D)  CancerousE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Where are MHC-II cell surface proteins found?

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages,B cells,and dendritic cells
B)  erythrocytes
C)  acidophils
D)  neutrophils
E)  neutrophils and macrophagesF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Which part of an antibody determines to which epitope it will bind?

Accepted Answer

A)  the two arms of the Y
B)  disulfide chains
C)  the heavy chains
D)  the stem of the Y
E)  the Fc portionF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 12

What is the most fundamental difference between the innate immune system and acquired immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  the way in which pathogens are recognized
B)  the way in which pathogens are destroyed
C)  the types of cells that participate in each response
D)  the speedE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Imagine that a Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene has duplicated and mutated,creating a leucine-rich region binding pocket that can now bind to the hemagglutinin protein in the envelope of influenza virus.What do you predict will happen to this novel gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be selected for and over evolutionary time will become an even better receptor for HA protein.
B)  It will spread from species to species.
C)  It will undergo VDJ rearrangement.
D)  It will continue to mutate,perhaps changing to bind other proteins or becoming deleted.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

What molecules are released by activated helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens
B)  immunoglobulins
C)  cytokines
D)  antibodiesE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

What are the source of antibody-producing cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells
B)  macrophages
C)  plasma cells
D)  T cells
E)  monocytesF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Which mechanism allows certain viral pathogens to evade the vertebrate immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming a symbiont
B)  becoming nonvirulent
C)  frequent changing of surface antigens
D)  becoming metabolically inactive
E)  becoming a sporeF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Referring to the figure showing helper T cell function,which statements are true? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytokines are produced in both diagrams.
B)  Antigens play a role in both diagrams.
C)  Naïve cells are involved in diagram I.
D)  The humoral response is represented in diagram II.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells
B)  macrophages
C)  plasma cells
D)  T cells
E)  monocytesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Which is the major form of antibody in external secretions?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM
B)  IgG
C)  IgD
D)  IgA
E)  IgEF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Which process allows a vertebrate to generate millions of different lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA rearrangement
B)  DNA reestablishment
C)  clonal variability
D)  instructional variation
E)  gene cloningF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Exam 50: The Immune System

Correct Answer
verified

What are two inflammatory mediators secreted by basophils and mast cells?

Correct Answer
verified

A friend tells you the following story."My aunt just received a heart transplant.Her doctors warned us that her body might reject the tissue.I just can't understand how that could happen as human hearts are made of the same tissues,aren't they?" How do you respond?

Correct Answer
verified
E

A patient with melanoma receives three types of therapy: surgery,radiation,and interferon.Which of these represents something the immune system uses against cancer as well?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are part of the inflammatory response? (Check all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

Which cells produce specific antibodies?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statements about the complement system of vertebrates are correct? (Check all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified
A,B,C

Which is a treatment for autoimmune disease? I-administration of corticosteroids II-administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs III-aspirin

Correct Answer
verified
E

________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly,and attack the body's own tissues.

Correct Answer
verified

Where are MHC-II cell surface proteins found?

Correct Answer
verified

Which part of an antibody determines to which epitope it will bind?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the most fundamental difference between the innate immune system and acquired immune system?

Correct Answer
verified

Imagine that a Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene has duplicated and mutated,creating a leucine-rich region binding pocket that can now bind to the hemagglutinin protein in the envelope of influenza virus.What do you predict will happen to this novel gene?

Correct Answer
verified

What molecules are released by activated helper T cells?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the source of antibody-producing cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which mechanism allows certain viral pathogens to evade the vertebrate immune system?

Correct Answer
verified

Referring to the figure showing helper T cell function,which statements are true? (Check all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is the major form of antibody in external secretions?

Correct Answer
verified

Which process allows a vertebrate to generate millions of different lymphocytes?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 50: The Immune System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are two inflammatory mediators secreted by basophils and mast cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A friend tells you the following story."My aunt just received a heart transplant.Her doctors warned us that her body might reject the tissue.I just can't understand how that could happen as human hearts are made of the same tissues,aren't they?" How do you respond?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A patient with melanoma receives three types of therapy: surgery,radiation,and interferon.Which of these represents something the immune system uses against cancer as well?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are part of the inflammatory response? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cells produce specific antibodies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statements about the complement system of vertebrates are correct? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedA,B,C

Which is a treatment for autoimmune disease? I-administration of corticosteroids II-administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs III-aspirin

Correct AnswerverifiedE

________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly,and attack the body's own tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are MHC-II cell surface proteins found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which part of an antibody determines to which epitope it will bind?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most fundamental difference between the innate immune system and acquired immune system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that a Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene has duplicated and mutated,creating a leucine-rich region binding pocket that can now bind to the hemagglutinin protein in the envelope of influenza virus.What do you predict will happen to this novel gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What molecules are released by activated helper T cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the source of antibody-producing cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which mechanism allows certain viral pathogens to evade the vertebrate immune system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Referring to the figure showing helper T cell function,which statements are true? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the major form of antibody in external secretions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process allows a vertebrate to generate millions of different lymphocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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E

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A,B,C

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E

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