Question 1

Muscle fatigue is often accompanied by muscle pain.What is the most likely explanation for this pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pH in the muscle fibers
B)  decreased levels of glycogen in the muscle fibers
C)  decreased levels of ATP in the muscle fibers
D)  increased levels of Pi in the muscle fibers
E)  the myofibrils being torn apartF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

The muscles that move the eye have a high proportion of fast-twitch fibers and reach maximum tension very fast.These fibers belong to the class of ________ fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  type I
B)  type II
C)  type III
D)  type IV
E)  type VF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

A lab technician is preparing to dispose of a rat and a frog that were euthanized earlier in the day for a scientific study.Although the two animals died at the same time,the rat has rigor mortis while the frog does not yet show any signs of it.What is the best explanation for this time difference in the onset of rigor mortis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat's muscles have a greater density of myofilaments than the frog's muscles.
B)  The rat is able to synthesize more ATP than the frog.
C)  The frog has lower concentrations of glycogen in its muscles than the rat.
D)  The rat has higher concentrations of myoglobin in its muscles than the frog.
E)  All the frog's muscles are fast-twitch muscles.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following joint types is not correctly matched with its example?

Accepted Answer

A)  ball-and-socket joint-femur and pelvis
B)  gliding joint-vertebral column
C)  immovable joint-skull sutures
D)  hinge joint-finger joint
E)  combination joint-knee jointF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Which of these muscles would you expect to have the greatest proportion of slow-twitch fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the gastrocnemius
B)  the soleus
C)  the lateral rectus
D)  chicken breast muscleE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Select the incorrect statement related to sarcomere structure and function.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thin filaments are not present in the H band of a sarcomere.
B)  Two Z lines form the opposite borders of one sarcomere.
C)  Stacks of thick filaments produce dark bands,called the A band.
D)  I bands consist of both thin and thick filaments.
E)  sarcomeres are the smallest subunits of muscle contraction.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following statements relating to skeletal muscle and their functions is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
B)  The origin of a skeletal muscle remains relatively stationary.
C)  The end of the muscle called the insertion is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts.
D)  Contraction of the hamstring muscles extends your knee.
E)  Muscles that produce opposing actions at a joint are called antagonists.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following regarding bone growth is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cartilage of growth plates actively grow in lengthwise direction.
B)  Increase in bone thickness results from the adding of bone layers on top of the periosteum.
C)  Some cartilage remains after it is replaced by bone.
D)  Cartilage calcification encroaches on the cartilaginous growth plate.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Based on the above diagram and other information from your text,what is the most likely (e.g.,most parsimonious) explanation for the evolution of flight in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wings evolved once in vertebrates (e.g.,the common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates had wings) and wings were subsequently lost in all but three lineages: bats,pterosaurs and birds.
B)  The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently three different times: in bats,in pterosaurs and in birds.
C)  The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently two different times: once in bats and once in the common ancestor of birds,pterosaurs and dinosaurs.
D)  The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently three different times: in bats,in pterosaurs and in the common ancestor of birds and dinosaurs.
E)  The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently three different times: in bats,in birds and in the common ancestor of pterosaurs and dinosaurs.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Vertebrate bone does NOT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  consist of cells and an extracellular matrix containing collagen fibers
B)  contain hydroxyapatite crystals
C)  contain sarcomere units
D)  contain blood vessels
E)  become remodeled with useF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

In the power stroke shown in panel c below,the thin filaments are pulled towards the center of the sarcomere.What is the specific sequence of events that occurs during a power stroke?  myosin head changes shape -> release of ADP B) Release of the phosphate group -> release of ADP -> myosin head changes shape C) Release of ADP -> myosin head changes shape -> release of the phosphate group D) Myosin head changes shape -> release of the phosphate group -> release of ADP E) Release of ADP-> release of the phosphate group -> myosin head changes shape" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of the phosphate group -> myosin head changes shape -> release of ADP
B)  Release of the phosphate group -> release of ADP -> myosin head changes shape
C)  Release of ADP -> myosin head changes shape -> release of the phosphate group
D)  Myosin head changes shape -> release of the phosphate group -> release of ADP
E)  Release of ADP-> release of the phosphate group -> myosin head changes shapeF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 12

All of the following statements about exoskeletons are correct EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  exoskeletons are made of chitin.
B)  muscles are attached to the exoskeleton.
C)  exoskeletons do not limit growth because they can stretch.
D)  exoskeletons are shed by many arthropods in a process called molting.
E)  chitin is a polysaccharide.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Identify the condition that will result in an increased level of calcium in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of chondroblasts
B)  inhibition of chondrocytes
C)  excess osteoclast activity
D)  excess osteocyte activity
E)  excess osteoblast activityF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 14

A newborn baby dies soon after birth because her diaphragm and rib cage muscles failed to contract and she was unable to breathe on her own.Examination of the baby's DNA revealed that she had a genetic mutation in a gene that encoded a calcium-binding protein.Which protein was most likely defective in the baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  actin
B)  myosin
C)  acetylcholine
D)  tropomyosin
E)  troponinF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

You witness a demonstration of a martial arts master breaking a large concrete block with his hand.Besides mastering the technique,what is another benefit of the repetitive practice of breaking concrete?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repetitive stress on the long bones will solidify cartilage.
B)  The Haversian canal system will supply more blood and strengthen the bone.
C)  The repetitive stress will lead to remodeling and strengthening of the long bones.
D)  The marrow cavity will solidify and strengthen the bone.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

You decide to do an experiment with isolated myofibrils to explore the effects of ATP hydrolysis on myofibril function.You do this by bathing the myofibrils in a solution that contains a modified form of ATP,which cannot be split into ADP and Pi. At what step will myofibril function be arrested by using this compound instead of unmodified ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be no block in the cycle,since ATP hydrolysis is not required for this process.
B)  Myosin molecules will be unable to assemble into thick filaments.
C)  Myosin heads will be unable to bind to the actin filaments.
D)  Myosin heads will bind to the actin filaments,but the power stroke will not occur and actin filaments will not slide over the myosin filaments.
E)  The myosin heads will remain attached to the actin filaments after the power stroke.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Shown below is part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fiber.Which of the labeled regions will NOT shorten when the muscle contracts?

Accepted Answer

A)  A band
B)  H band
C)  I band
D)  SarcomereE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

The mammalian jaw is an example of what kind of moveable joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  hinge joint
B)  combination joint
C)  gliding joint
D)  ball-and-socket jointE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Select the incorrect statement about muscle and muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  A quick contraction and relaxation of an isolated skeletal muscle is called tetanus.
B)  Long distance runners tend to have more slow-twitch muscle fibers than fast-twitch fibers.
C)  Slow-twitch muscle fibers have high concentrations of myoglobin.
D)  Fast-twitch fibers increase in size with resistance training.
E)  Fast-twitch fibers have fewer capillaries and mitochondria than slow-twitch fibers.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 20

In order for a muscle to contract,calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum must bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  troponin.
B)  tropomyosin.
C)  myosin.
D)  actin.
E)  ATP.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Exam 45: The Musculoskeletal System

Select the incorrect statement about muscle and muscle fibers.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following regarding bone growth is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Shown below is part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fiber.Which of the labeled regions will NOT shorten when the muscle contracts?

Correct Answer
verified

In the power stroke shown in panel c below,the thin filaments are pulled towards the center of the sarcomere.What is the specific sequence of events that occurs during a power stroke?

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following statements about exoskeletons are correct EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The muscles that move the eye have a high proportion of fast-twitch fibers and reach maximum tension very fast.These fibers belong to the class of ________ fibers.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Vertebrate bone does NOT ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Select the incorrect statement related to sarcomere structure and function.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these muscles would you expect to have the greatest proportion of slow-twitch fibers?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following joint types is not correctly matched with its example?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Muscle fatigue is often accompanied by muscle pain.What is the most likely explanation for this pain?

Correct Answer
verified

You witness a demonstration of a martial arts master breaking a large concrete block with his hand.Besides mastering the technique,what is another benefit of the repetitive practice of breaking concrete?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements relating to skeletal muscle and their functions is NOT correct?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the above diagram and other information from your text,what is the most likely (e.g.,most parsimonious) explanation for the evolution of flight in vertebrates?

Correct Answer
verified

In order for a muscle to contract,calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum must bind to

Correct Answer
verified

The mammalian jaw is an example of what kind of moveable joint?

Correct Answer
verified

Identify the condition that will result in an increased level of calcium in the blood.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 45: The Musculoskeletal System

Select the incorrect statement about muscle and muscle fibers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following regarding bone growth is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shown below is part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fiber.Which of the labeled regions will NOT shorten when the muscle contracts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the power stroke shown in panel c below,the thin filaments are pulled towards the center of the sarcomere.What is the specific sequence of events that occurs during a power stroke?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following statements about exoskeletons are correct EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The muscles that move the eye have a high proportion of fast-twitch fibers and reach maximum tension very fast.These fibers belong to the class of ________ fibers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vertebrate bone does NOT ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the incorrect statement related to sarcomere structure and function.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these muscles would you expect to have the greatest proportion of slow-twitch fibers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following joint types is not correctly matched with its example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Muscle fatigue is often accompanied by muscle pain.What is the most likely explanation for this pain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You witness a demonstration of a martial arts master breaking a large concrete block with his hand.Besides mastering the technique,what is another benefit of the repetitive practice of breaking concrete?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements relating to skeletal muscle and their functions is NOT correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the above diagram and other information from your text,what is the most likely (e.g.,most parsimonious) explanation for the evolution of flight in vertebrates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order for a muscle to contract,calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum must bind to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mammalian jaw is an example of what kind of moveable joint?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the condition that will result in an increased level of calcium in the blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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