Question 1

Ultimately,the signal from a peptide hormone is typically conveyed to the effectors in the cell via the transfer of what molecular moiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide
B)  NO (nitric oxide) 
C)  H2O
D)  phosphate group
E)  amino acidF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 2

The islets of Langerhans located in the ________ secrete both insulin and glucagon.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver
B)  pituitary
C)  thalamus
D)  kidney
E)  pancreasF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased urination due to alcohol activating antiduretic hormone production.
B)  Decreased urination due to alcohol activating aldosterone production.
C)  Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production.
D)  Decreased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production.
E)  Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting aldosterone production.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy,what would result?

Accepted Answer

A)  death
B)  diminished cognitive function
C)  infertility in both men and women
D)  poor blood sugar regulationE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

G protein coupled receptors are a large class of receptors that bind hormones as well as other signaling molecules,neurotransmitters,and even odorants.They are a major target of pharmaceutical drugs for various disorders.Typically,the drug acts as an antagonist,blocking the binding site on the GPCR.Why is the receptor a more attractive drug target than the G protein activated downstream? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier to target molecules from the outside of the cell membrane,because getting drugs into the cell can be difficult.
B)  Interfering with the G protein would require getting a drug across several membranes into the cell's nucleus.
C)  The "G-protein" is not really a protein but just a GTP molecules,which is too small to be a possible drug target.
D)  Since GPCRs are so widespread and perform many roles in the body,targeting G proteins used by multiple GPCRs would create side-effects beyond the targeted physiological function.
E)  Since the GPCRs bind a variety of unique ligands,their structures are varied enough to be able to create specific targeted drugs for certain pathways.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone...

Question 7

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulates biological rhythms
B)  mediates adaptation to long term stress
C)  stimulates bone breakdown
D)  conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine
E)  inhibits loss of calcium from boneF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocrine glands are the target of these molecules,not the source.
B)  It does not apply to this type of molecule in plants.
C)  The molecules do not serve a regulatory role.
D)  The definition is completely correct as stated.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone
B)  cortisol
C)  glucagon
D)  insulin
E)  prolactinF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paracrine regulatory molecules include cytokines and growth factors.
B)  Nitric oxide can function either as a neurotransmitter or a paracrine regulatory molecule.
C)  Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that control blood vessel constriction and dilation.
D)  Paracrine molecules are released into the circulatory system to affect distant tissues.
E)  Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor are both paracrine regulatory molecules.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine and circulatory systems
B)  respiratory and circulatory systems
C)  nervous and circulatory systems
D)  nervous and endocrine systems
E)  respiratory and nervous systemsF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Accepted Answer

A)  the limbic system
B)  blood vessels
C)  axons
D)  the lymphatic system
E)  the hypopituitary shuntF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Large or polar hormones cannot enter a cell directly.Which of the following molecules can act as a second messenger for such hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  catecholamine
B)  cyclic AMP
C)  epinephrine
D)  norepinephrine
E)  calcitoninF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases calcium production in the liver.
B)  It increases calcium absorption across the intestine.
C)  It increases reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney.
D)  It stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve CaPO4 crystals in bone.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

Accepted Answer

A)  antidiuretic hormone
B)  aldosterone
C)  angiotensin II
D)  growth hormone
E)  oxytocinF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 17

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  release of hormones by the brain
B)  energy stores in bone allow for quick glucose release
C)  glucose usage by the brain is shut down when necessary
D)  the action of two antagonistic effectorsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

At the breakfast table,your roommate says,"Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Good idea - you don't want your bones to get brittle."
B)  "Be sure not to take too much,or your blood sugar could get dangerously low."
C)  "Don't take it now - it regulates biological rhythms,and is normally high at night and low during the day."
D)  "Don't take it after a meal - it promotes the 'fight-or-flight' response,not 'rest-and-digest'."E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Which is NOT an effect of the hormonal products of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  accelerate heartbeat
B)  stimulate synthesis of glycogen
C)  increase blood pressure
D)  reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs
E)  increase blood sugarF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

A ________ is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolite
B)  hormone
C)  peptide
D)  G protein
E)  neurotransmitterF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

Correct Answer
verified

A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Correct Answer
verified

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Correct Answer
verified

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Correct Answer
verified

Large or polar hormones cannot enter a cell directly.Which of the following molecules can act as a second messenger for such hormones?

Correct Answer
verified

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Correct Answer
verified

Ultimately,the signal from a peptide hormone is typically conveyed to the effectors in the cell via the transfer of what molecular moiety?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Correct Answer
verified

A ________ is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT an effect of the hormonal products of the adrenal medulla?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Correct Answer
verified

At the breakfast table,your roommate says,"Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

Correct Answer
verified

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Correct Answer
verified

The islets of Langerhans located in the ________ secrete both insulin and glucagon.

Correct Answer
verified

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy,what would result?

Correct Answer
verified

Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large or polar hormones cannot enter a cell directly.Which of the following molecules can act as a second messenger for such hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ultimately,the signal from a peptide hormone is typically conveyed to the effectors in the cell via the transfer of what molecular moiety?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT an effect of the hormonal products of the adrenal medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the breakfast table,your roommate says,"Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The islets of Langerhans located in the ________ secrete both insulin and glucagon.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy,what would result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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