Question 1

Which is NOT a stimulus that the simplest sensory receptors,free nerve endings,will respond to?

Accepted Answer

A)  bending of the sensory neuron membrane
B)  changes in temperature
C)  changes in the oxygen content of the extracellular fluid
D)  release of odorants from freshly baked bread
E)  stretching of the sensory neuron membraneF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
B)  neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C)  neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
D)  stimulation,transduction,transmission,and interpretation
E)  stimulation,transmission,and neurotransmitter releaseF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Unlike sweet,salty,sour,or umami,the "bitter" category of tastants includes wide structural variety of detected molecules.Multiple receptors are required to sense the different bitter tastants.What do they have in common? Bitter taste is thought to have evolved as a warning system for toxic compounds.
-The bitter receptor hTAS2R38 is activated by glucosinolates found in plants such as turnips and broccoli.The gene variant a person has determines how sensitive their neurons are to these compounds.What would you predict for people who have the high-sensitivity variant of hTAS2R38?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will not easily digest turnips and broccoli.
B)  They will have to eat more turnips and broccoli to get the same flavor.
C)  They will dislike turnips and broccoli.
D)  They will become allergic to turnips and broccoli.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following receptors does not trigger depolarization of a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors
B)  G-protein receptors
C)  chemoreceptors
D)  photoreceptors
E)  exteroceptors and interoceptorsF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 5

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Accepted Answer

A)  tympanic membrane → malleus →incus → stapes → oval window → cochlea
B)  tympanic membrane → incus →malleus → stapes → oval window → cochlea
C)  tympanic membrane → stapes →malleus → incus → oval window → cochlea
D)  tympanic membrane → malleus →incus → stapes → cochlea →oval window
E)  tympanic membrane → oval window → malleus →incus → stapes → cochleaF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

Accepted Answer

A)  rods
B)  cones
C)  bipolar cells
D)  glial cells
E)  ganglion cellsF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following animals does NOT have electroreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  bony fish
B)  sharks
C)  duck-bill platypus
D)  skates
E)  pit viper snakesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

You decide to perform an experiment to test this why plants possess TRP channel agonists.You first set up batches of plants in the field WITH or WITHOUT applied capsaicin or menthol.What parameter do you then measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic rate
B)  amount of leaf or fruit damage
C)  metabolic rate
D)  palatability to humansE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

Accepted Answer

A)  electroreception
B)  magnetoreception
C)  vision
D)  hearing
E)  touchF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Researchers studying olfactory and taste receptors have stumbled upon an unusual phenomenon.These receptor proteins are sometimes expressed in other animal tissues in addition to the nose or tongue.For example,the sweet taste receptor T1R2 is expressed in the pancreas.Suggest the best possible explanation for these findings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Damaged receptors are recycled by the body and end up in waste-disposal organs.
B)  Control of protein expression is imperfect.As long as a receptor doesn't interfere with organ function,expression will not be selected against.
C)  Chemoreceptors bind molecules that help the body sense and respond to internal phenomena,such as sugar levels in the blood.
D)  Techniques used to visualize protein expression are imperfect and may lead to false positive results.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

As CO2 builds up in the atmosphere it also accumulates in the oceans,causing acidification.This poses a challenge to marine creatures that rely on calcium carbonate deposition such as corals,mollusks,and even fish,which use it to form otoliths.Researchers investigated whether otolith deposition was impaired at low pH,and were surprised to find that otoliths were actually larger in this condition.This means that,while coping with global climate change,at least fish will still be able to maintain which sense(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling pain
B)  vision
C)  taste
D)  olfaction
E)  hearing and balanceF) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 12

At night,faint objects are best seen when not looked at directly.What is the basis of this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhodopsin is transported away from the fovea at night.
B)  Cis-retinal builds up in the fovea at night,and is degraded during the day.
C)  Cone photoreceptors are most sensitive in dim light,and few cones are present in the fovea.
D)  Rod photoreceptors are most sensitive in dim light,and few rods are present in the fovea.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

After your eye exam,the optometrist breaks the bad news: "Your lens is a little too flat,and as a result it is focuses the image just in front of your retina." What kind of vision do you have?

Accepted Answer

A)  astigmatism
B)  nearsighted
C)  farsighted
D)  night-blindnessE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

One patient at your audiology clinic has an actin defect,and another patient has a microtubule defect.What sense other than hearing may be affected in these patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  smell
B)  taste
C)  balance
D)  touch
E)  proprioceptionF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Which sensory modality responds to the broadest range of molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  TRP channels
B)  Taste
C)  Smell
D)  Vision
E)  TouchF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Why are carrots said to be good for you?

Accepted Answer

A)  That is just an old wive's tale.
B)  Beta-carotene,the orange pigment in carrots,is a precursor to Vitamin A and retinal,the cofactor in photopigments.
C)  Beta-carotene,the orange pigment in carrots,is necessary to form lens proteins.
D)  Carrots have large amounts of glutamate,a neurotransmitter that activates sensory neurons.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

If genetically engineered bees could express a receptor for TNT in their olfactory neurons,what type of receptor would the TNT receptor be?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoreceptor
B)  mechanoreceptor
C)  electromagnetic receptor
D)  it is a novel type of receptorE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which animal is NOT able to use sonar as a form of "lightless vision" to navigate in dark environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  shrews
B)  owls
C)  bats
D)  whales
E)  dolphinsF) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 19

Where is the visual image in focus for a nearsighted individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  behind the retina
B)  in front of the retina
C)  on the retina,but it appears blurred
D)  at the lens,forming a shadow on the retina
E)  on the retina,but it is upside downF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Visual acuity is highest when an image is focused on what part of the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  rods outside the fovea
B)  cones outside the fovea
C)  rods within the fovea
D)  cones within the fovea
E)  anywhere,as long as there is ample lightF) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Exam 43: Sensory Systems

If genetically engineered bees could express a receptor for TNT in their olfactory neurons,what type of receptor would the TNT receptor be?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following animals does NOT have electroreceptors?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which sensory modality responds to the broadest range of molecules?

Correct Answer
verified

Visual acuity is highest when an image is focused on what part of the retina?

Correct Answer
verified

At night,faint objects are best seen when not looked at directly.What is the basis of this phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

After your eye exam,the optometrist breaks the bad news: "Your lens is a little too flat,and as a result it is focuses the image just in front of your retina." What kind of vision do you have?

Correct Answer
verified

One patient at your audiology clinic has an actin defect,and another patient has a microtubule defect.What sense other than hearing may be affected in these patients?

Correct Answer
verified

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

Correct Answer
verified

Which animal is NOT able to use sonar as a form of "lightless vision" to navigate in dark environments?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Where is the visual image in focus for a nearsighted individual?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following receptors does not trigger depolarization of a sensory neuron?

Correct Answer
verified

Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT a stimulus that the simplest sensory receptors,free nerve endings,will respond to?

Correct Answer
verified

You decide to perform an experiment to test this why plants possess TRP channel agonists.You first set up batches of plants in the field WITH or WITHOUT applied capsaicin or menthol.What parameter do you then measure?

Correct Answer
verified

Why are carrots said to be good for you?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 43: Sensory Systems

If genetically engineered bees could express a receptor for TNT in their olfactory neurons,what type of receptor would the TNT receptor be?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following animals does NOT have electroreceptors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sensory modality responds to the broadest range of molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Visual acuity is highest when an image is focused on what part of the retina?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At night,faint objects are best seen when not looked at directly.What is the basis of this phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After your eye exam,the optometrist breaks the bad news: "Your lens is a little too flat,and as a result it is focuses the image just in front of your retina." What kind of vision do you have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One patient at your audiology clinic has an actin defect,and another patient has a microtubule defect.What sense other than hearing may be affected in these patients?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which animal is NOT able to use sonar as a form of "lightless vision" to navigate in dark environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the visual image in focus for a nearsighted individual?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following receptors does not trigger depolarization of a sensory neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a stimulus that the simplest sensory receptors,free nerve endings,will respond to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You decide to perform an experiment to test this why plants possess TRP channel agonists.You first set up batches of plants in the field WITH or WITHOUT applied capsaicin or menthol.What parameter do you then measure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are carrots said to be good for you?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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