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Exam 22: The Origin of Species

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Question 31

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Imagine two species of birds with similar beak sizes and diets.Where the two species are allopatric,we would expect that their beak sizes

A) should be more different than when sympatric.
B) should be more similar than when sympatric.
C) should be larger than when sympatric.
D) should be smaller than when sympatric.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 32

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Scientists found that different beak shapes correlate with different mating songs in Darwin's finches.Which hypothesis does this support?

A) Darwin's finches are not different species according to the Biological Species Concept.
B) Adaptation to different food sources led to behavioral isolation in Darwin's finches.
C) Mating songs are primarily determined by the acoustics of different beaks.
D) Adaptation to different food sources likely occurred after reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 33

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Diversification of mammals after the extinction of the dinosaurs is considered an adaptive radiation because a few mammal species rapidly evolved into most of the current mammalian lineages in a relatively short amount of time.This diversification was partially driven by the evolution of endothermic homeostasis in mammals,which is an example of

Courtship for Anolis lizards involves the male displaying a dewlap (skin under the throat area) that varies in appearance based upon the species.Lizards that are found in darker,more shaded environments will have dewlaps that are lighter in color because they are more noticeable by potential mates.Which of the following mechanisms best explains how speciation is at work in this example?

A virgin pine forest covers a valley,and one of the inhabitants is a red squirrel species.A large volcanic eruption occurs and separates the valley with a huge lava flow,thus producing two populations of squirrels.What must occur for the two populations of squirrels to be considered separate species?

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

In the southeastern U.S.,two species of wild lettuce (Lactuca) do not usually form hybrids,because they bloom at different seasons.The means of isolation appears to be

According to the biological species concept,two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile,viable hybrids are considered to be different

NASA Scientists send a small population of dogs to a new planet in order to test if it will be hospitable for human colonization.Through a random lottery,only Great Dane and St.Bernard dog breeds are sent,and the resulting population consists of tall,longhaired dogs.After 100 years these dogs return to Earth and are no longer able to mate with Earth dogs.This scenario is an example of

Once species have formed,they keep their identity by

If populations within the same area split into species,the process is known as

Check all that apply: Members of the same biological species can

Two hundred years ago,the fly species Rhagoletis pomonella only laid its eggs on fruit of the hawthorn tree.Today,different "host races" of R.pomonella lay their eggs on hawthorns OR apples.Apples occur within the range of hawthorns,so divergence between apple flies and hawthorn flies could be the first step in sympatric speciation.Choose the evidence that would suggest that R.pomonella is currently undergoing sympatric speciation.Check all that apply.

Choose the factors contributing to adaptive radiation of Drosophila in the Hawaiian Islands.Check all that apply.

Select the phrases that apply to the sixth mass extinction.

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

The biological species concept of Ernst Mayr cannot be applied to

Choose the true statements about the diversity of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands.Check all that apply.

Select the following statements that are related to mass extinctions.

Punctuated equilibrium proposed by Eldredge and Gould in 1972 is an evolutionary process that involves