Question 1

Which observations illustrate shared ancestry by anatomical comparison studies? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  The same structure has evolved to carry out different functions.
B)  Different structures evolve in similar ways when subjected to the same selective pressures.
C)  A structure becomes vestigial.
D)  Structures are found to be homologous.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

During development in the mother's uterus,human embryos have pharyngeal pouches (sometimes called gill slits) that later develop into various glands.Fish also have pharyngeal pouches as embryos,but these develop into gills.The best explanation for why human and fish embryos develop pharyngeal pouches is

Accepted Answer

A)  humans and fish share a common ancestor that had gills.
B)  human embryos need gill slits to breathe in the uterus.
C)  humans and fish both develop pharyngeal pouches by random chance.
D)  fish evolved from humans.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Which of the following is the best reason that the origin of species according to creation science should not be included in the curriculum of biology courses?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not a scientifically testable theory.
B)  It has proven to be false.
C)  It has been superseded by more modern theories.
D)  It is contrary to the beliefs of most scientists.
E)  It constitutes the teaching of religion.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

All vertebrates contain a similar pattern of organs,indicating that they are related to one another.This represents which of the following lines of evolutionary evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  fossil record
B)  homology
C)  convergent evolution
D)  biogeography
E)  developmentF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Industrial melanism involving the peppered moths (Biston sp.) is cited as an example of natural selection that has been observed in the last one hundred years.Recall that the peppered moth exhibits two distinct morphological types with dark and light colored wings.Which of the following statements about changes in these two types of moths as a result of industrial melanism is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dark forms are selected against in nonpolluted forests.
B)  The dark forms are distasteful to birds and are thus safe in polluted forests.
C)  The light forms are selected against in nonpolluted forests.
D)  Birds prey more on the dark forms in polluted forests
E)  Dark forms emigrate from nonpolluted forests to polluted forests.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D) A

Question 6

Which of the following features of ancient horses are adaptations for living on open grasslands? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple toes that increased flexibility
B)  complex patterns of ridges on molar and premolars that increased chewing ability
C)  lengthening of limbs that increased running speed over long distances
D)  decrease in body size that increased agility in confined spacesE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

The pair of traits that best illustrates convergent evolution is

Accepted Answer

A)  an elephant's tusks and a beaver's teeth.
B)  a lizard's arm and a bird's wing.
C)  a dragonfly's wing and a butterfly's wing.
D)  a cartilage skeleton in a shark and a bone skeleton in a dolphin.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Radioactive isotopes are used in dating materials from the distant past.Which of the following statements about radioactive dating techniques is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gives the general ages of rock strata.(±1 million years) .
B)  It gives exact ages of rock strata.(± 1 year) .
C)  It uses a technique in which the degree of radioactive decay is measured,the younger the rock the more radioactive decay.
D)  It uses a technique in which the degree of radioactive decay is measured,the older the rock the more radioactive decay.
E)  It does not work well with fossil remains that have not absorbed radiation.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

The most precise method of obtaining estimates of the absolute ages of geological deposits is

Accepted Answer

A)  measure rates of sedimentary rock formation.
B)  measure the ratios of various radioactive isotopes in the deposits.
C)  apply the principle of superposition (younger deposits above older deposits) .
D)  make salinity measurements in ocean sediment deposits.
E)  study the sequence of fossil types in the deposits.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E) B

Question 10

Indicate which factors support the industrial melanism hypothesis.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pollution inhibits the growth of dark colored lichen.
B)  Dark moths have greater camouflage on trees in polluted woodlands.
C)  Pollutants darken bark surfaces.
D)  Light moths have greater camouflage on trees in highly polluted woodlands.E) None of the above
F) A) and C) B,C

Question 11

The side toes of a horse,the pelvis of the whale,and the human appendix are all examples of structures that resemble structures of presumed ancestors,which are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures.
B)  homologous structures.
C)  vestigial structures.
D)  homeotic mutations.
E)  acquired structures.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Plants in the desert-adapted families Cactacea (cactus) and Euphorbia (euphorbs) share many of the same physical characteristics,such as succulent stems that store water and CAM photosynthesis,but they do not share a recent common ancestor.This evidence suggests that these families are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution.
B)  homologous structures.
C)  vestigial structures.
D)  divergent evolution.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

In a hypothetical study,equal numbers of marked dark and light moths are released in polluted and unpolluted woodlands and recaptured 10 days later.According to the industrial melanism hypothesis,which of the following results is unexpected?

Accepted Answer

A)  More marked dark moths should be recaptured in polluted woodlands than in unpolluted woodlands.
B)  Fewer marked light moths should be recaptured in polluted woodlands than in unpolluted woodlands.
C)  Fewer marked dark moths should be recaptured in unpolluted woodlands than in polluted woodlands.
D)  More marked light moths should be recaptured in unpolluted woodlands than in polluted woodlands.
E)  Fewer unmarked dark moths should be captured in polluted woodlands than unmarked light moths.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Today,the fossil record

Accepted Answer

A)  can be dated only in terms of how layers relate to each other (i.e.older layers are below younger layers) ; no actual dates can be estimated.
B)  can be dated reasonably well only with uranium-238.
C)  can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives.
D)  can be dated precisely,to within a single year,using radioactive isotopes.
E)  can be dated precisely,to within a single year,using DNA hybridization.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Choose the true statements about species that show convergent evolution.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not share a recent common ancestor
B)  must be found in the same biogeographical region
C)  subject to similar selection pressures
D)  have similar phenotypesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

In the laboratory,fruit flies (Drosophila) were artificially selected for the number of bristles on their bodies.One population (R) was selected for low numbers of bristles,a second population (S) for high numbers of bristles.
 
-After 35 generations (about 1 year's time) ,the two populations R and S were studied.Researchers found

Accepted Answer

A)  no change was seen; it's much too soon.
B)  some slight increase of bristle numbers was already evident.
C)  a vast,overlapping range of bristle numbers was seen.
D)  a slight increase in bristles in S,a slight decrease in R,with a little overlap in the middle ranges.
E)  a huge increase in S,a huge decrease in R,with no overlap whatsoever.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Select all of the following that are valid counterarguments to the idea that evolution is "just a theory."

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists use the word theory to describe unifying ideas.
B)  Evolution is just a collection of facts without a central theme and this is not a theory.
C)  Scientific theories are supported by many types of evidence and no empirical data refutes them.
D)  Evolution occurred in the past,but it is not occurring in the present,so it cannot be a theory.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Natural selection has favored the dark form of the peppered moth in areas subject to severe air pollution,perhaps because on darkened trees,moth-eating birds see them less easily.As pollution abated,the light forms increased in the population because

Accepted Answer

A)  light moths had lower fitness than dark moths.
B)  light moths were able to produce more offspring than dark moths.
C)  light moths were more genetically variable than dark moths.
D)  birds ate more light moths.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

The observation that different geographical areas sometimes exhibit plant and animal communities of similar appearance,even though the individual plants and animals are not closely related,is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the fossil record.
B)  homology.
C)  convergent evolution.
D)  divergent evolution.
E)  adaptation.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Choose the true statement(s) about the evolutionary divergence of horses in North America.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Most changes are seen as adaptations for life in grassland habitats.
B)  The general trends during horse evolution are increase in body size,lengthening of limbs,reduction of digits on both sets of limbs,and tooth development for a grazing life style.
C)  Horse evolution is unusual in that rates of change were uniform and constant throughout most lineages.
D)  Living lineages of horses show much less diversity than existed in the past.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 21: The Evidence for Evolution

Which observations illustrate shared ancestry by anatomical comparison studies? Check all that apply.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is the best reason that the origin of species according to creation science should not be included in the curriculum of biology courses?

Correct Answer
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All vertebrates contain a similar pattern of organs,indicating that they are related to one another.This represents which of the following lines of evolutionary evidence?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

Which of the following features of ancient horses are adaptations for living on open grasslands? Check all that apply.

Correct Answer
verified

The pair of traits that best illustrates convergent evolution is

Correct Answer
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Radioactive isotopes are used in dating materials from the distant past.Which of the following statements about radioactive dating techniques is true?

Correct Answer
verified

The most precise method of obtaining estimates of the absolute ages of geological deposits is

Correct Answer
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B

Indicate which factors support the industrial melanism hypothesis.Check all that apply.

Correct Answer
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B,C

The side toes of a horse,the pelvis of the whale,and the human appendix are all examples of structures that resemble structures of presumed ancestors,which are known as

Correct Answer
verified

Plants in the desert-adapted families Cactacea (cactus) and Euphorbia (euphorbs) share many of the same physical characteristics,such as succulent stems that store water and CAM photosynthesis,but they do not share a recent common ancestor.This evidence suggests that these families are an example of

Correct Answer
verified

In a hypothetical study,equal numbers of marked dark and light moths are released in polluted and unpolluted woodlands and recaptured 10 days later.According to the industrial melanism hypothesis,which of the following results is unexpected?

Correct Answer
verified

Today,the fossil record

Correct Answer
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Choose the true statements about species that show convergent evolution.Check all that apply.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Select all of the following that are valid counterarguments to the idea that evolution is "just a theory."

Correct Answer
verified

Natural selection has favored the dark form of the peppered moth in areas subject to severe air pollution,perhaps because on darkened trees,moth-eating birds see them less easily.As pollution abated,the light forms increased in the population because

Correct Answer
verified

The observation that different geographical areas sometimes exhibit plant and animal communities of similar appearance,even though the individual plants and animals are not closely related,is called

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the true statement(s) about the evolutionary divergence of horses in North America.Check all that apply.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: The Evidence for Evolution

Which observations illustrate shared ancestry by anatomical comparison studies? Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best reason that the origin of species according to creation science should not be included in the curriculum of biology courses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All vertebrates contain a similar pattern of organs,indicating that they are related to one another.This represents which of the following lines of evolutionary evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following features of ancient horses are adaptations for living on open grasslands? Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pair of traits that best illustrates convergent evolution is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radioactive isotopes are used in dating materials from the distant past.Which of the following statements about radioactive dating techniques is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most precise method of obtaining estimates of the absolute ages of geological deposits is

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Indicate which factors support the industrial melanism hypothesis.Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedB,C

The side toes of a horse,the pelvis of the whale,and the human appendix are all examples of structures that resemble structures of presumed ancestors,which are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a hypothetical study,equal numbers of marked dark and light moths are released in polluted and unpolluted woodlands and recaptured 10 days later.According to the industrial melanism hypothesis,which of the following results is unexpected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Today,the fossil record

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statements about species that show convergent evolution.Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select all of the following that are valid counterarguments to the idea that evolution is "just a theory."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natural selection has favored the dark form of the peppered moth in areas subject to severe air pollution,perhaps because on darkened trees,moth-eating birds see them less easily.As pollution abated,the light forms increased in the population because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The observation that different geographical areas sometimes exhibit plant and animal communities of similar appearance,even though the individual plants and animals are not closely related,is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement(s) about the evolutionary divergence of horses in North America.Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

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B

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B,C

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