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Exam 1: The Science of Biology

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Question 31

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You look outside and realize that your grass needs to be mowed.You pick up the container of gasoline and see that you have approximately a third of a gallon left.You hypothesize that this amount will be enough to mow your entire lawn.Unfortunately,half way through mowing your lawn you run out of gasoline.You grumble and think to yourself that the next time you mow the lawn,you hypothesize that you will need to have at least two-thirds of a gallon of gasoline available.How did the results of your lawn-mowing experience influence the validity of your new hypothesis for future gasoline needs?

A) Your prediction of future gas needs is based on experimental data and therefore increases the validity of your hypothesis.
B) The hypothesis was invalidated by your experimental evidence.
C) Your hypothesis was supported by trial and error.One more trial added to your data set.
D) Your prediction proved that your hypothesis is correct.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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Science is subdivided into specific areas of study termed disciplines.These divisions are artificial but are helpful to narrow the massive scope of scientific knowledge to a manageable amount.Given what you know about each,which scientific division is likely to present the best answer to a question about how fluid dynamics affect blood pressure in mammals?

A) Biochemistry - study of chemical reactions needed for life function,usually at the cellular level.
B) Bioinformatics - use of technology to study and store biological data
C) Biophysics - study of biological processes through physics
D) Biology - study of life

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 33

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McGraw-Hill Education -The common ancestor that produced the most evolutionary recent derived characters is

You explain to your study group that a hypothesis is:

Your microwave will not turn on,and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped.In scientific terminology,the steps would be described as:

Darwin's ideas on evolution were advanced for his time.His approach to science and natural selection were supported by what main tenet?

The same basic array of bones is modified to give rise to the wing of a bat and the fin of a porpoise.Such anatomical structures are called:

Bacterial cells are placed into a 250mL liquid growth medium in a closed laboratory flask.According to Malthusian theory,they will reproduce exponentially and then:

A yellow jacket,an insect in the order Hymenoptera,stung me.A wasp,an insect in Hymenoptera,stung me.A hornet,an insect in Hymenoptera,stung me.I see a pattern.All insects in this order must have stingers.What type of reasoning does this represent?

Plants are raised under artificial lights turned off and on by an electric clock.Some are given long periods of light,others short periods.This is an example of:

A dental student wants to test if fluoride is an effective additive against tooth decay.The student studies tooth decay in a population of people who live in neighborhoods supplied with fluoridated water.This student would like to ask whether access to fluoridated water prevents tooth decay.What would be an effective control group to ask this question?

Both walnut and Ginkgo trees lose their leaves in the fall when day length starts decreasing.Based on these observations one may conclude that many tree species will lose their leaves in the fall in response to decreasing day length.This statement is an example of:

Essay on the Principle of Population,written by Thomas Malthus in 1798,influenced Darwin's thoughts as he struggled to understand what mechanisms could be at work to produce evolution.Malthus proposed that populations of animals and plants,including humans,

The method of reasoning that uses construction of general principles by careful examination of many specific cases is called:

A beautiful wood desk you may do your homework on was once a living tree,but after being cut down its tissues died.Now,it only exhibits what property of life?

A suggested explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by further observations is a(n) :

It is known that many trees lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length.As a result,you think that Ginkgo trees may also lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length.This statement is an example of:

An alien from another planet landed on earth.He is fascinated by cars and is determined to figure out how they work.He decides to disassemble one of them and examine each part independently.He removes one of the tires and proceeds to learn all he can about the tire.He then removes one of the headlights and proceeds to learn all he can about the headlight.What type of approach is this alien taking to learn about the car?