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Recently, four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physical activity guidelines for young children that were quite similar (Pate & others, 2015) . The guidelines recommend that young children engage in about ________ of physical activity per day total.


A) half an hour
B) 3 hours
C) 15 minutes
D) 4 hours

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Describe the six key principles in young children's vocabulary development as identified by Harris, Golinkoff, and Hirsh-Pasek.

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According to Harris, Golinkoff, and Hirs...

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Brian is 2.5 years old. He dwells in his own imaginary world and represents objects that are not present. He often scribbles patterns on walls that represent cloud, trees, birds, and so on. Brian's behavior indicates that he is in Piaget's ________ of cognitive development.


A) symbolic function substage
B) intuitive thought substage
C) concrete operational stage
D) formal operational stage

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Aubrey is in a school that takes into account the typical development of children within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child. It also emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect the child's interests and capabilities. This view represents a ________.

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developmen...

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The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n)


A) nutrition program for young children.
B) educational program for young children.
C) program for training kindergarten and elementary school teachers.
D) parenting education program.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?


A) A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete on their own.
B) An instructor helps students with laboratory work showing them how to do things the students cannot do yet.
C) A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and assesses their learning capabilities.
D) An instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to evaluate their mental abilities on varying subjects.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Three-year-old Ruth draws a picture with lavender, purple, and blue colors intermixed with green, yellow, and brown. "It is a boat in the ocean at sunset, with whales jumping all around it!" she explains to her teacher. Which of the following does this explain?


A) animism
B) conservation
C) the intuitive thought substage
D) the symbolic function substage

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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