Question 1

Yersinia pestis ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent
B)   has humans as an endemic reservoir
C)   does not respond to antimicrobial drugs
D)   is usually transmitted by a flea vector
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Yellow fever and dengue fever are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   caused by arboviruses
B)   caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting
C)   zoonoses
D)   transmitted by a mosquito vector
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Bacillus anthracis exhibits characteristics that make it a model organism to be exploited as an agent of bioterrorism. Those characteristics include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to form endospores, allowing it to be stored for long periods of time without nutrients or water
B)   the ability to infect and cause disease in several body systems including the lungs, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract
C)   the ability to produce a tripartite toxin and polypeptide capsule as virulence factors
D)   difficulty diagnosing and therefore treating because the manifestations mimic other, more common diseases
E)   All of the choices reflect characteristics that make B. anthracis a candidate for bioterrorism.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The patient asks the nurse what the risk is of her child being HIV-positive. What is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)   The child will be HIV-positive and there is no way to prevent transmission.
B)   Since HIV is passed through the father, the child will be HIV negative.
C)   It is possible that HIV will be passed on to your child, but you can decrease the likelihood of transmission by compliance with antiretroviral therapy.
D)   Fetal immunity will ward off HIV during pregnancy, but the child should not breastfeed.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Rifampin is the drug of choice for malaria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors
B)   a one-time vaccine provides lifelong immunity
C)   reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil
D)   gram-positive bacillus
E)   spore formerF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Since the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are not directly accessible to microbes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   it was initially believed that the systems lacked normal biota, however the Human Microbiome Project suggests that low levels of microbes may exist in the healthy state
B)   both systems are sterile in the healthy state
C)   the abundant microbiota enter via the gastrointestinal tract then cross the blood vessels
D)   the Human Microbiome Project confirmed that only pathogens exist in both systemsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The medical team suspects that the patient has septicemia. Boluses of isotonic fluid are given and vasoactive medications are ordered to increase her blood pressure. Which of the following are the most important next interventions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory support, blood cultures, and antibiotics
B)   Wound cleansing, antipyretics, and antibiotics
C)   Maintenance intravenous fluids, blood cultures, and antibiotics
D)   Respiratory support, wound cleansing, and antipyreticsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The presence of viruses in the blood is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   viremia
B)   fungemia
C)   hemovirus
D)   bacteremia
E)   septicemiaF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Which type of hemorrhagic fever can be treated with ribavirin?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lassa fever
B)   Ebola
C)   Marburg
D)   Dengue fever
E)   Yellow feverF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs in patients that have prior heart damage
B)   caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue
C)   oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood
D)   bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in a vegetation
E)   signs and symptoms include fever, heart murmur, and possible emboliF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

________ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

A)   Viremia
B)   Fungemia
C)   Hemovirus
D)   Bacteremia
E)   SepticemiaF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Brucellosis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a zoonosis
B)   seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain, and weakness
C)   also known as undulant fever
D)   an occupational illness of people who work with animals
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Due to the efficiency of the lymphatic system and the inaccessibility to microbes, data from the Human Microbiome Project confirmed that the cardiovascular system lacks microbiota in the healthy state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Malaria may be prevented by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   using bed nets sprayed with insecticide
B)   eliminating standing water
C)   taking prophylactic drugs
D)   decreasing the mosquito population
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true concerning the epidemiology of malaria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Malaria transmission is restricted to an area encompassing the equator, largely due to control of mosquito populations.
B)   Malaria is an endemic disease throughout the world.
C)   The majority of new malaria cases each year are in South America.
D)   The elderly are the most at risk population for death from malaria.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding HIV cases in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   HIV in the United States represents approximately 3.2% of cases worldwide.
B)   The % of new HIV cases is increasing each year.
C)   The majority of newly-diagnosed cases in 2015 were in the Latino population.
D)   Heterosexual transmission of HIV is decreasing in the United States.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   plague
B)   Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C)   Q fever
D)   Lyme disease
E)   yellow feverF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yellow fever
B)   Ehrlichiosis
C)   Q fever
D)   Rocky Mountain spotted fever
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 18: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Which type of hemorrhagic fever can be treated with ribavirin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding HIV cases in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient asks the nurse what the risk is of her child being HIV-positive. What is the best response by the nurse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yellow fever and dengue fever are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The medical team suspects that the patient has septicemia. Boluses of isotonic fluid are given and vasoactive medications are ordered to increase her blood pressure. Which of the following are the most important next interventions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rifampin is the drug of choice for malaria.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of viruses in the blood is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brucellosis is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true concerning the epidemiology of malaria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Due to the efficiency of the lymphatic system and the inaccessibility to microbes, data from the Human Microbiome Project confirmed that the cardiovascular system lacks microbiota in the healthy state.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yersinia pestis ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacillus anthracis exhibits characteristics that make it a model organism to be exploited as an agent of bioterrorism. Those characteristics include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Malaria may be prevented by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are not directly accessible to microbes ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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