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What is the general formula for carbohydrates?


A) (CH2O) n
B) Cn(H2O) n+2
C) C(H2O) n
D) Cn(H2O) m
E) Cn(H2O) n+1

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Saturated fats and oils have ___ melting points than unsaturated fats and oils because of greater ___ forces between molecules.


A) lower,hydrogen bonding
B) higher,London dispersion
C) higher,hydrogen bonding
D) higher,dipole-dipole
E) lower,London dispersion

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following statements concerning proteins is not correct?


A) Some proteins provide structural support in the form of muscle and collagen.
B) Some proteins provide storage and transport.
C) Some proteins regulate chemical reactions that take place in the body.
D) Some proteins act as catalysts.
E) Nucleic acids are the building blocks of proteins.

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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What is the functional group corresponding to a peptide bond?


A) amine
B) ether
C) amide
D) hemiacetal
E) carboxylic acid

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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A triose is a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms.The molecular formula of a triose is _____.


A) C3H6O3
B) C3H3O3
C) C3H6O6
D) C3H3O6
E) C3H2O6

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins?


A) Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins? A) B) C) D) E)

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which statement concerning the twenty different α-amino acids widely found in nature is true?


A) Each α-amino acid has a different number of carbon atoms.
B) Each α-amino acid has one amino (−NH2) group.
C) Each α-amino acid has one carboxylic acid (−COOH) group.
D) These α-amino acids differ in the R groups attached to the α-carbon.
E) None of these α-amino acids are aromatic compounds.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following concerning protein structure is not correct?


A) The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
B) Hydrogen bonds between amide linkages in the protein backbone define protein secondary structure.
C) Helices and sheets are common tertiary structures in proteins.
D) How a protein folds into its overall 3-dimensional shape is referred to as the protein tertiary structure.
E) In cases where more than one polypeptide chain makes up the protein,the interaction of the different chains is referred to as the quaternary structure.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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An important reaction in the production of energy from sugars (glycolysis) is the reduction of pyruvate to lactate by NADH. pyruvate + NADH + H+(aq) → lactate + NAD+ ΔrG°′ = ? Given the following reduction potentials, NAD+ + H+ + 2e− → NADH Ε°′ = −0.320 V Pyruvate + 2H+ + 2e− → lactate Ε°′ = −0.190 V Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy (at pH 7) for the reduction of pyruvate to lactate by NADH.(ΔrG°′ = −nFE°′; F = 96485 C/mol electrons)


A) 98.4 kJ/mol-rxn
B) −98.4 kJ/mol-rxn
C) −12.6 kJ/mol-rxn
D) 25.1 kJ/mol-rxn
E) −25.1 kJ/mol-rxn

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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How many RNA nucleotides comprise a codon?


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA shuttles the correct amino acid to ...

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One way our bodies produce ATP is to couple the formation of ATP from ADP with the hydrolysis of phosphoenopyruvate (PEP) ,as shown below. PEP + ADP + H+(aq) → pyruvate + ATP ΔrG°′ = ? Given the following thermodynamic data, PEP + H2O(l) → pyruvate + HPO42-(aq) ΔrG°′ = −61.9 kJ/mol-rxn ATP + H2O(l) → ADP + HPO42-(aq) + H+(aq) ΔrG°′ = −30.5 kJ/mol-rxn Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction for the formation of ATP from the hydrolysis of PEP.


A) 92.4 kJ/mol-rxn
B) −31.4 kJ/mol-rxn
C) −92.4 kJ/mol-rxn
D) 31.4 kJ/mol-rxn
E) −46.7 kJ/mol-rxn

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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The amide linkages in a protein are also called _____ bonds.

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The oxygen that bridges two sugars in a disaccharide is known as a ___ bond.

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Which DNA or RNA base is guanine?


A) Which DNA or RNA base is guanine? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which DNA or RNA base is guanine? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which DNA or RNA base is guanine? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which DNA or RNA base is guanine? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which DNA or RNA base is guanine? A) B) C) D) E)

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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A polypeptide is


A) an addition polymer of amino acids.
B) a condensation polymer of amino acids.
C) a polymer of sugar molecules.
D) a part of nucleic acids.
E) a polymer of nucleic acids.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not a step in protein synthesis?


A) translation
B) transcription
C) replication
D) A and B
E) A,B,and C

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following amino-acids is not chiral?


A) Which of the following amino-acids is not chiral? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which of the following amino-acids is not chiral? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which of the following amino-acids is not chiral? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which of the following amino-acids is not chiral? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which of the following amino-acids is not chiral? A) B) C) D) E)

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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The fully protonated form of the amino-acid glycine (R=H)may be simply written as H2Gly+.Write the balanced acid dissociation equilibria (Ka1 and Ka2)for this acid.

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H2Gly+ + H2O ...

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In the context of polymerase chain reaction,if you start with a single double-stranded DNA molecule,how many double-strabded DNA molecules will you have after 10 amplification cycles?

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The number of double-stranded DNA molecu...

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