Question 1

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants. Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults

Accepted Answer

Competence-the participant is capable of...

Question 2

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal and case study.
B)   case study and experimental.
C)   longitudinal and cross-sectional.
D)   experimental and cross-sectional.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

While trying to discover the nature of the relationship between stress and blood pressure, a researcher asks participants to complete a difficult task. The researcher monitors the participants' blood pressure, while some are exposed to noisy distractions and others stay in a quiet environment. This type of research study is a(n)  ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational study
B)   experiment
C)   analog study
D)   placebo control studyE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The confounding of age and experience is referred to as the effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   cohort
B)   proband
C)   longitudinal
D)   participantE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Accepted Answer

A)   difficulty of measuring changes that are associated with removal of a treatment.
B)   confounding factor of the placebo effect when the treatment is removed.
C)   ethical issue of removing treatment that appears to be helping the patient.
D)   impossibility of removing the treatment equally for the treatment and control subjects.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Single-case experimental designs utilize several strategies such as to improve their internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A)   repeated measurement
B)   process measures
C)   random assignment
D)   placebo controlsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

While conducting a family study, a researcher determines that the siblings and parents of the person with a disorder are much more likely than the general public to have the disorder, although cousins, uncles, and grandparents are only moderately more likely to have the disorder than the general public. This is an example of a disorder with

Accepted Answer

A)   no genetic component.
B)   a single gene influence.
C)   a genetic component.
D)   strong environmental and very weak genetic components.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

The basic components of informed consent are

Accepted Answer

A)   competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.
B)   volunteerism and comprehension.
C)   competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results.
D)   anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model,

Accepted Answer

A)   it is possible to determine that marital problems generally cause child behavior problems.
B)   it is not possible to determine whether marital discord causes child behavior problems, whether child behavior problems cause marital discord, or whether both may be true.
C)   it is possible to determine whether marital problems cause child behavior problems or whether child behavior problems cause marital problems, but it is not possible to determine whether both may be true.
D)   it is possible to determine whether any or all observed effects may be causing changes on any of the variables being studied.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Every incremental increase in variable A is associated with an exactly equal increase in variable B. The correlation between these two variables is .

Accepted Answer

A)   +1.00
B)   -1.00
C)   0
D)   causalE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

The most influential and successful research generally utilizes

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple well-controlled, double-blind experiments.
B)   a combination of well-controlled correlational studies and cross-sectional research.
C)   a program of multiple research designs over a period of time.
D)   multiple cross-sectional and longitudinal designs over a period of time.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

A)   Different cultures may describe or experience similar psychological sensations in very different ways
B)   The level of "abnormality" that is considered acceptable may differ greatly across cultures
C)   Treatment models developed in one culture may be unacceptable according to another culture's customs and values
D)   All of theseE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase the number of confounding variables.
B)   improve external validity.
C)   improve internal validity.
D)   utilize a single strategy to reduce confounds.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

The single-case experimental design

Accepted Answer

A)   always uses a single case.
B)   is not concerned with external validity.
C)   is not concerned with internal validity.
D)   often incorporates several people at once.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Your psychology professor is conducting research and desperately needs more participants because the existing subjects keep running from the building screaming! She tells the class that everyone must be a subject to get a grade in the class and that there are no exceptions. In terms of ethical treatment of research subjects, her policy would

Accepted Answer

A)   violate the informed consent concept of competence.
B)   be acceptable as long as her procedures were presented to the institutional review board.
C)   be acceptable if she carefully explained the experiment to each participant and allowed participants to quit if they were uncomfortable during the procedure.
D)   violate the informed consent concept of volunteerism.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The patient uniformity myth refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)   see all study participants as homogenous.
B)   see all study participants as heterogenous.
C)   emphasize patient symptoms and uniformity.
D)   give all patients the same medications.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Accepted Answer

A)   control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
B)   determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the independent variable.
C)   determine statistical significance.
D)   control the dependent variable.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

In a double-blind study,

Accepted Answer

A)   participants are not aware of who is in the treatment and control groups, but the researcher providing the treatment does know.
B)   neither the researcher providing the treatment nor the participants are aware of who is in the treatment and who is in the control group.
C)   neither the researcher providing the treatment nor the research participants can ever be made aware of the research findings.
D)   participants are not aware that they are participating in a research study.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Positive development strategies involve efforts to blanket

Accepted Answer

A)   an entire family, including all blood relatives to prevent later problems.
B)   a large group of unrelated participants who are at risk for a disorder to prevent later problems.
C)   a large group of people to fix existing problems.
D)   entire populations of people to prevent later problems.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

One reason that cross-sectional studies are more common than longitudinal studies is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional studies involve large numbers of subjects.
B)   longitudinal studies involve very sophisticated statistical procedures.
C)   cross-sectional studies take many years to complete.
D)   longitudinal studies take many years to complete.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Research Methods

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Correct Answer
verified

The confounding of age and experience is referred to as the effect.

Correct Answer
verified

In a double-blind study,

Correct Answer
verified

Every incremental increase in variable A is associated with an exactly equal increase in variable B. The correlation between these two variables is .

Correct Answer
verified

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

Correct Answer
verified

The single-case experimental design

Correct Answer
verified

Positive development strategies involve efforts to blanket

Correct Answer
verified

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Correct Answer
verified

Single-case experimental designs utilize several strategies such as to improve their internal validity.

Correct Answer
verified

The basic components of informed consent are

Correct Answer
verified

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model,

Correct Answer
verified

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Correct Answer
verified

The patient uniformity myth refers to the tendency to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants. Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults

Correct Answer
verified
Competence-the participant is capable of...
View Answer

The most influential and successful research generally utilizes

Correct Answer
verified

One reason that cross-sectional studies are more common than longitudinal studies is the fact that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The confounding of age and experience is referred to as the effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a double-blind study,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every incremental increase in variable A is associated with an exactly equal increase in variable B. The correlation between these two variables is .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that the single-case experiment attempts to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The single-case experimental design

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive development strategies involve efforts to blanket

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single-case experimental designs utilize several strategies such as to improve their internal validity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic components of informed consent are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient uniformity myth refers to the tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants. Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults

Correct AnswerverifiedCompetence-the participant is capable of...View AnswerShow Answer

The most influential and successful research generally utilizes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One reason that cross-sectional studies are more common than longitudinal studies is the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are potential problems when conducting cross-cultural research in the area of psychopathology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Competence-the participant is capable of...
View Answer

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