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In Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness, leadership styles were measured with an instrument assessing the leader's


A) drive.
B) psychological maturity.
C) self-confidence.
D) task orientation.
E) least preferred coworker.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Bob, a division manager, talks about positive change for his staff and business, but he allows self-interest to take precedence over the needs of the division. Bob is a ________ leader.


A) monolithic
B) Level 5
C) laissez-faire
D) pseudotransformational
E) Theory X

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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A ________ leader manages through activities, using his or her legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.


A) transformational
B) situational
C) transactional
D) charismatic
E) natural

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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In the path-goal theory, ________ is the extent to which individuals see events as being under their influence.


A) drive
B) ability
C) participation
D) task orientation
E) locus of control

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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The ________ approach downplays personal characteristics in favor of the actual conduct that leaders exhibit.


A) trait
B) behavioral
C) strategic
D) situational
E) shared

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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In ________, the key situational factor is the maturity of the followers.


A) the Vroom model
B) Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory
C) Tannenbaum and Schmidt's theory
D) Fiedler's contingency model
E) the path-goal theory

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Select the question that can be used to identify a manager's level of task performance leadership.


A) Can you talk freely with your superior about your work?
B) Do you think your superior trusts you?
C) Does your superior treat you fairly?
D) To what extent does your superior give you instructions and orders?
E) Is your superior concerned about your future benefits, such as promotions and pay raises?

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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"Dr. White, welcome to Doctors Without Borders," said Roscoe Blaine, Program Administrator. "I will serve as your organizational manager 'in name only,' as we both know that I will not be providing much management, much less leadership, to your team in a foreign country. I'm confident, however, that you will not lack for leadership. After all, you will be working closely with several of your very experienced professional colleagues in an environment that demands the close cooperation of a tight-knit group. Furthermore, by policy, the rules and procedures that will govern your work are rigid, so your operating flexibility will be limited." In this case, Roscoe is counting upon ________ to provide a positive influence on Dr. White.


A) directive leadership
B) substitutes for leadership
C) task-oriented behavior
D) day-to-day supervision
E) autocratic leadership

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Mason, a front-line manager, confided in his peer, "The marketplace has been a disaster for the past two years. And our numbers reflect that. Employee morale is horrible, and I feel as if the company is surviving day to day. ________ is lacking, and our executive management really needs to step up and develop one."


A) A power perspective
B) A desirable product
C) A clear vision
D) An adequate compensation structure
E) A mission statement

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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In the path-goal theory, ________ leadership refers to behaviors geared toward motivating people, such as setting challenging goals and rewarding good performance.


A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) charismatic
E) achievement-oriented

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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________ serve others' needs while strengthening the organization.


A) Lateral leaders
B) Authentic leaders
C) Shared leaders
D) Bridge leaders
E) Servant-leaders

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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According to the trait approach to leadership, a(n) ________ leader overcomes obstacles, makes decisions despite uncertainty, and instills assurance in others.


A) self-confident
B) legitimate
C) autocratic
D) coercive
E) referent

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Buddy, an employee at a company, is extremely eager to take up higher positions in the organization. He is an extravert and tries to influence the decisions made by his boss. He prefers to lead his colleagues rather than follow them. According to the trait approach to leadership, Buddy displays


A) supervision.
B) motivation.
C) expert leadership.
D) knowledge of the business.
E) integrity.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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A leader with ________ power has the right, or the authority, to tell others what to do.


A) legitimate
B) coercive
C) reward
D) expert
E) referent

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Select the question that can be used to identify a manager's level of group maintenance leadership.


A) Does your superior ask you for reports about the progress of your work?
B) How precisely does your superior work out plans for goal achievement each month?
C) When you do an adequate job, does your superior focus on the inadequate way the job is done?
D) To what extent does your superior give you instructions and orders?
E) Does your superior give credit to team members for helping with projects and problem solving?

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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For the path-goal theory, describe the three important environmental factors that determine appropriate leadership style.

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Appropriate leadership style is determin...

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________, in the trait approach to leadership, is the correspondence between actions and words.


A) Positive reinforcement
B) Initiative
C) Punishment
D) Extinction
E) Integrity

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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At a restaurant, employees who perform poorly during a particular shift are scheduled for the unpopular weekend shifts by the manager. In this case, the manager exercises his ________ power.


A) legitimate
B) negative
C) expert
D) coercive
E) referent

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Select the true statement regarding various decision styles.


A) A laissez-faire style results in employees' positive attitudes.
B) A democratic style results in employees' positive attitudes.
C) An autocratic style results in employees' lower performances.
D) A laissez-faire style results in employees' higher performances.
E) A democratic style is the fastest way to make decisions.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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________ is a leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do-that is, what behaviors they exhibit.


A) Behavioral approach
B) Trait approach
C) Transformational leadership
D) Strategic approach
E) Situational approach

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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