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Exam 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

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Question 91

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Piaget's stages reveal that he believed children begin cognitive development at _____.

A) birth
B) 3 months
C) 1 year
D) 18 months

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 92

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Identify the four basic theories of language learning and describe them.

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1) Skinner said that infants need to be ...

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Question 93

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Which theory compares human cognition to the workings of a computer?

Between 13 and 18 months, infants add approximately _____ new words.

The _____ theory of language learning stresses that infants are social beings who learn language in order to communicate with other people.

Piaget called an infant's first period of cognitive development _____.

When 1-week-old Justine feels too warm, she reflexively cries. According to Piaget, Justine is in stage _____ of the sensorimotor period.

Becky is a 4-month-old infant whose mother uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition when she speaks. Becky delights in her mother's use of _____.

Susan is a 21-month-old who has just begun to make two-word sentences. Her sentences already reveal the grammar of her native language, as she produces her nouns and verbs in the order that mature speakers of her language use. Chomsky would attribute Susan's quick acquisition of grammatical rules to her _____.

The first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence are _____ circular reactions.

Greg is 10 months old, and he refuses to crawl across the visual cliff even though his mother is encouraging him to do so. When he was 6 months old, he squirmed across it without hesitation. What has changed for Greg?

Stage four of the sensorimotor period is known as "new adaptation and _____."

Peyton is a deaf baby whose parents have been communicating with him in American Sign Language. At about what age will Peyton express his first signs?

Penny, who is in Piaget's sixth stage of cognitive development, observed her older sister using a curling iron. Later, when she was alone, Penny tried to use the curling iron and burned her hand. Penny has displayed _____.

Object permanence is demonstrated by an infant who _____.

The perspective of cognition that is modeled on computer functioning is called _____ theory.

Which theory of language acquisition would say that some 5-year-olds are far more verbal than others because they were born to be so?

There are five stages of sensorimotor intelligence.

According to Skinner, a grandfather who smiles whenever the baby says "pa-pa" is providing reinforcement for talking.

A child's first word combinations-for example, "More cookie," or "My toy"-are called holophrases.