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Exam 4: Prenatal Development and Birth

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Question 21

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The likelihood of many developmental complications can be greatly reduced through _____.

A) extreme exercise
B) the science of risk analysis
C) exposure to teratogens
D) There is no way to reduce such complications.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 22

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In the first stage of labor, the _____.

A) cervix dilates to allow passage of the baby's head
B) baby's head moves into the birth canal
C) mother experiences intense contractions
D) placenta is delivered

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 23

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Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning, are called _____ teratogens.

What is anoxia?

Sammy is 5 years old and spends his day in a wheelchair, because he can't control any of his muscles due to brain damage. Sammy's condition has been evident since birth, during which he was deprived of oxygen. Sammy has _____.

The nations of sub-Saharan Africa have low rates of low-birthweight babies.

Explain the procedure known as a cesarean section, and discuss at least two benefits and two risks associated with this kind of delivery.

In the United States, _____ of births occur via c-section.

Name four of the factors that contribute to low birthweight.

The stage of prenatal development that lasts from week 3 through week 8 is the _____ period.

Some teratogens have a threshold effect, which means that they are _____.

Kelley just had a baby and now is experiencing a sense of inadequacy and sadness. She may have _____.

A newborn's involuntary response to a particular stimulus is a(n) _____.

When infants turn their heads and suck in response to a touch on the cheek, they are demonstrating the _____ reflex.

At around 38 weeks after conception, the _____ starts the sequence of events that prepares the fetus for delivery and starts labor.

Harry was a preterm newborn who was born after 26 weeks of prenatal development. He is now a healthy, happy 2-year-old. Harry's ability to survive after being born so early was due in part to his reaching the _____.

Johnny's mom is four months pregnant. Johnny is eager for the arrival of the new baby and asks, "How many more months until I'm a big brother?" His mother says that he has to wait about _____ more months.

Most births in the United States take place in _____.

A baby born two or more weeks early is called _____.

The _____ is used to assess the newborn's health at one minute and five minutes after birth.