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Exam 4: Acids and Bases

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Question 1

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Under which of the following conditions will a reaction be spontaneous when ΔH° > 0?

A) TΔS° = 0
B) −TΔS° > ΔH°
C) TΔS° < 0°
D) ΔG° = 0

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 2

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Which of the following terms describes the reactivity of trimethylamine, (CH₃) ₃N?

A) Brønsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid
B) Brønsted-Lowry base and Lewis base
C) Lewis acid and not a Brønsted-Lowry acid
D) Lewis base and not a Brønsted-Lowry base

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 3

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Which set of curved arrows accounts for the deprotonation of an acid (A-H) by a base (:B) ?

Provide the equation for the acid dissociate constant, K_a,for the following equilibrium. $\mathrm{HA}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{A}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}$

Provide a brief explanation, based on features of the molecules, for the following trend in pK_a values? ​ CH₃CH₃ > CH₂=CH₂ > HCCH ethane ethene ethyne (ethylene) (acetylene) 51 44 25

Which of the following compounds is the strongest acid?

Provide a brief explanation, based on features of the molecules, for the following trend in pK_a values? CH₃OH > CH₃NH₂ > CH₃CH₃ 16 38 51

Which of the following is the strongest base?

Which of the following compounds is the strongest acid?

An acid with a low pK_a is a strong acid and has a weak conjugate base.

Which of the following terms describes the role of ethene in the acid-base reaction shown?

What is the value of the equilibrium constant, K_eq, for the following reaction?

Which of the following compounds has the lowest pK_a?

What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the following equilibrium? $\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{CH}+\mathrm{NaNH}_{2}\rightleftharpoons$$\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{C}_{:}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}+\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ $p K_{\mathrm{a}}=25$ $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$p K_{a}=38$

In the following list, there are two organic Lewis bases. ​ ​

What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the following equilibrium? $\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{CH}+\mathrm{NaOH}\rightleftharpoons$$\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{C:}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ $p K_{a}=25$ $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ $p K_{a}=15.7$

Which of the following is present in the highest concentration upon dissolution of H₂SO₄ in water?

Indole is pleasant smelling in highly dilute solutions and has been used in perfumery. Indole can be classified as a Brønsted-Lowry base but not as a Lewis base..

Which of the following compounds is the strongest acid?

Which of the following terms describes the reactivity of boron tribromide, BBr₃?