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Describe the process of setting realistic goals for changing body composition, particularly for individuals who are overweight or obese.

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Setting realistic goals for changing bod...

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Women with too little body fat may experience amenorrhea, defined as ________ menstruation.


A) frequent
B) excessive
C) a complete end to
D) absent or infrequent

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In order to lose weight and body fat, the best strategy is to focus on


A) body image ideals.
B) reduced food intake.
C) increased physical activity.
D) assessing your somatotype.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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People who are significantly overweight should seek the help of a physician in setting body composition goals.

A) True
B) False

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Which statement is true about the location of fat in the body?


A) Intra-abdominal fat is located under the skin, and adipose fat is located around major organs.
B) Subcutaneous fat is located under the skin, and visceral fat is located around major organs.
C) Intra-abdominal fat is located around major organs, and adipose fat is located under the skin.
D) Subcutaneous fat is located around major organs, and visceral fat is located under the skin.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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If your body composition is close to the recommended range, you should probably set a(n) ________ goal.


A) lifestyle rather than a body fat or BMI
B) body fat or BMI rather than a lifestyle
C) lifestyle rather than an exercise
D) exercise rather than a lifestyle

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The "pear shape" (fat stored in the hips, thighs, and buttocks) is typical of


A) older (postmenopausal) women.
B) older men.
C) younger (premenopausal) women.
D) younger men.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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In addition to being inexpensive and practical, skinfold measurements provide highly accurate measurements of body fat.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the health effects of too much and too little body fat.

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Too much body fat, also known as obesity...

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The Bod Pod, a small chamber that contains computerized sensors, uses ________ to measure body composition.


A) air density
B) water density
C) air displacement
D) water displacement

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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What is a symptom of metabolic syndrome?


A) low blood pressure
B) resistance to the effects of insulin
C) low blood glucose levels
D) subnormal blood fat levels

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Between 20% and 30% of Americans are overweight or obese.

A) True
B) False

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Over the past half-century, the popular image of the "ideal" body has changed from


A) slightly plump to unhealthily thin.
B) healthily thin to unhealthily thin.
C) unhealthily thin to slightly plump.
D) slightly plump to healthily thin.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The higher the waist-to-hip ratio, the healthier an individual is.

A) True
B) False

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BMI is only an indirect indicator of body fatness and therefore will not accurately classify all individuals because it fails to distinguish between


A) males and females.
B) organs and muscles.
C) elderly and youthful people.
D) fat weight and fat-free weight.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The terms endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph are all ________, which describe basic body builds.


A) phenotypes
B) somatotypes
C) genotypes
D) metatypes

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Define body mass index, and explain how it is calculated. List the NIH and WHO classifications and cutoffs for BMI.

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Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of bo...

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To prevent errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis, it is best to avoid ________ prior to measurement.


A) eating
B) excessive exercise
C) recalibrating the device
D) overhydration or underhydration

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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A person with a BMI of 25 or above is classified as


A) underweight.
B) normal weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Calipers are a tool used primarily in bioelectrical impedance analysis.

A) True
B) False

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