A) the strategy used by multinational firms that have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business.
B) the strategy of transnational firms not to employ adaptive marketing techniques when there are cultural differences, but to redirect their marketing resources toward customer education.
C) the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ.
D) the global strategy of seeking out already established firms in other nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the firm's products through a host nation's local businesses.
E) the strategy currently used by most U.S. domestic firms that when entering a new international market, these firms offer only those products that require the least amount of product adaptation.
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Multiple Choice
A) the United States
B) China
C) India
D) Germany
E) Japan
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Multiple Choice
A) an increase in most countries' GDP coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
B) an increase in economic protectionism.
C) a more aggressive attitude toward regulating international banking.
D) a decrease in most countries' GDP and a renewal of nationalism.
E) a rapid growth in new economic integration among countries.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) product customization
B) product extension
C) product adaptation
D) product invention
E) product integration
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Multiple Choice
A) joint venture and licensing
B) licensing and exporting
C) licensing and joint venture
D) direct investment and licensing
E) exporting and direct investment
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Multiple Choice
A) low rates of credit and debit card usage among Indian consumers, and many without bank accounts
B) well-financed and capable domestic competitors in India
C) political instability and social unrest in India
D) underdeveloped technology requiring financial and technological investment in a localized cloud computing platform for India
E) strict trade regulations that prevent owning inventory as well as direct sales to Indian consumers
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Multiple Choice
A) an analysis of cultural diversity within the country under consideration
B) regulatory constraints regarding contracts, mergers, and partnerships
C) recognition of a country's currency exchange rates
D) an assessment of language differences including dialect variation
E) political and ideological differences between the countries involved
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Multiple Choice
A) a global
B) a transnational
C) a multidomestic
D) a divisional
E) an international
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Multiple Choice
A) dual adaptation.
B) a joint venture.
C) direct exporting.
D) indirect exporting.
E) franchising.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) English and Japanese.
B) English and Spanish.
C) English and French.
D) English and Italian.
E) English and German.
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Multiple Choice
A) product extension
B) product customization
C) product adaptation
D) product invention
E) product integration
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Multiple Choice
A) Japan, Germany, China, and Canada.
B) Canada, Mexico, China, and Japan.
C) China, Brazil, Japan, and Germany.
D) Mexico, Canada, Brazil, and China.
E) England, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Multiple Choice
A) monetary value of all products and services produced by a single manufacturer during one year.
B) monetary value of all domestic exports of a nation during one year.
C) monetary value of all products and services produced in a country during one year.
D) monetary value of all domestic imports of a nation during one year.
E) difference between all domestic exports and imports for any nation during the course of one fiscal year.
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Multiple Choice
A) joint venture
B) licensing
C) exporting
D) direct investment
E) franchise
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Multiple Choice
A) likelihood of long-term success.
B) financial commitment and risk.
C) vulnerability to social changes.
D) need for a more educated workforce.
E) need for a larger workforce.
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Multiple Choice
A) licensing.
B) local assembly.
C) a joint venture.
D) direct investment.
E) local manufacturing.
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Multiple Choice
A) Competitive advantage grows out of continuous improvement.
B) Small firms often succeed in foreign niche markets.
C) Tariffs have declined from an average of 40 percent to less than 5 percent.
D) Regional trade agreements may provide preferential treatment for member nations.
E) Pan-European marketing strategies are possible due to greater uniformity in packaging standards.
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Multiple Choice
A) imposing the rule of eminent domain.
B) increasing ethnocentrism.
C) enhancing domestic imperialism.
D) increasing protectionism.
E) slowing countertrade.
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