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Where are you most likely to find influencer marketing?


A) Instagram and YouTube
B) national newspapers like USA Today
C) Hulu and Netflix
D) popular fashion magazines like Vogue
E) radio, including satellite radio

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Define motivation and personality and how they impact marketing.

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Motivation is the energizing force that ...

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Self-concept is


A) the degree to which a person is influenced by situational influences.
B) the need for personal fulfillment.
C) the way people see themselves and the way they believe others see them.
D) the degree to which a person trusts his or her own judgment in a purchase situation.
E) the degree to which a person is influenced by psychological influences.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The initial stage in the consumer purchase decision process involves perceiving a difference between a person's ideal and actual situations big enough to trigger a decision. What is this stage called?


A) prepurchase behavior
B) alternative evaluation
C) purchase decision
D) problem recognition
E) information search

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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In the VALS framework, a person's resources include all of the following except which?


A) self-confidence
B) curiosity
C) motivation
D) information seeking
E) risk-taking

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Elizabeth has decided to purchase a new electric juicer and plans to call several friends for the latest information about alternative brands. She is not concerned about where she buys it as long as she receives a very liberal return policy should anything go wrong. In making her decision, Elizabeth will engage in which of the following problem-solving variations?


A) limited problem solving
B) extended problem solving
C) routine problem solving
D) alternative problem solving
E) integrated problem solving

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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An attitude refers to


A) a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
B) the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.
C) a consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes based on personal experience, advertising, and discussions with other people.
D) the feelings one has about the preferable modes of conduct that tend to persist over time.
E) a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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A consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes based on personal experience, advertising, and discussions with other people are referred to as


A) values.
B) attitudes.
C) beliefs.
D) predispositions.
E) opinions.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Define consumer socialization.

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Consumer socialization is a process by w...

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Five situational influences have an impact on a consumer's purchase decision process. One of these is


A) competitive offerings.
B) core values.
C) perception.
D) consumer socialization.
E) physical surroundings.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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When an elementary school teacher was returning to school in the fall, she wanted to buy markers and craft paper. She remembered the discount website she visited last year for her purchases, so she started there to see if the website still carried the items previously purchased. Which best describes the information search method used by the teacher?


A) personal external source
B) public external source
C) market-dominated external source
D) internal search
E) market-dominated internal source

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Status in the Maslow hierarchy of needs is an example of a ________ need.


A) self-actualization
B) personal
C) social
D) safety
E) physiological

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Scanning your memory for previous experiences with products or brands occurs during which stage of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) information search
B) purchase decision
C) alternative evaluation
D) postpurchase behavior
E) problem recognition

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Chanel No. 5 fragrances would satisfy needs at what level of the Maslow hierarchy?


A) physiological
B) self-actualization
C) personal
D) safety
E) social

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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All of the following variables are central to how consumers learn from repeated experience except which?


A) purchase
B) reinforcement
C) response
D) drive
E) cue

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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________ occurs when a response elicited by one stimulus (cue) is generalized to another stimulus. Using the same brand name for different products is an application of this concept.


A) Selective comprehension
B) Selective retention
C) Stimulus generalization
D) Stimulus discrimination
E) Routine problem solving

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Consumer behavior refers to


A) the aspects of a consumer's decision-making processes that cannot be measured.
B) the actions a person takes in purchasing and using products and services, including the mental and social processes before and after them.
C) the five stages a buyer passes through in making choices about which product and service to investigate, purchase, and consume.
D) the mental and social processes related to purchasing that are innate in a person from birth.
E) those purchasing behaviors that result from (1) repeated experience and (2) reasoning.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world is referred to as


A) motivation.
B) attitude formation.
C) learning.
D) perception.
E) a self-concept.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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The process by which people acquire the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to function as consumers is referred to as


A) consumer assimilation.
B) consumer socialization.
C) consumer lifestyle.
D) purchase decision process.
E) purchasing enculturation.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Reference groups refer to


A) the relatively permanent, homogeneous divisions in a society that consists of people who share similar values, interests, and behaviors.
B) individuals who exert direct or indirect social influence over others.
C) people to whom an individual looks as a basis for self-appraisal or as a source of personal standards.
D) those buyers who, through the size of their purchases, affect where marketing dollars will be spent.
E) those with whom a person does not wish to be a member of or identified.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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