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A consumer's purchases are often influenced by the views, opinions, or behavior of others. Two important aspects of personal influence to marketing are


A) lifestyle and motivation.
B) personality and lifestyle.
C) opinion leadership and word-of-mouth activity.
D) word-of-mouth activity and psychographics.
E) psychographics and demographics.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Making connections between two or more ideas or simply observing the outcomes of others' behaviors and adjusting one's own behavior accordingly is known as what type of learning?


A) stimulus discrimination
B) cognitive learning
C) attitudinal learning
D) stimulus generalization
E) behavioral learning

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Edison noticed that prices at a new video game rental website were lower than those at most of the other gaming websites or retail stores such as Game Stop. He is exhibiting


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) selective retention.
C) selective comprehension.
D) stimulus discrimination.
E) stimulus generalization.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Lifestyle is


A) the set of behaviors that is a result of spending one's time and money as one pleases.
B) a mode of living that is defined by one's personal moral philosophy.
C) the similar values, interests, and behaviors that members of society share.
D) a self-defined identification of belonging to a lower, lower-middle, middle, upper-middle, or upper class in terms of wealth.
E) a mode of living identified by how people spend their time and resources, what they consider important in their environment, and what they think of themselves and the world around them.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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The set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the members of a group is referred to as


A) national character.
B) culture.
C) social class.
D) code of ethics.
E) ethnic ideology.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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A bike helmet would satisfy needs at what level of the Maslow hierarchy?


A) physiological
B) self-actualization
C) personal
D) safety
E) social

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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  Figure 5-6 -According to Figure 5-6 above, D defines what level in the Maslow hierarchy of needs? A)  physiological B)  safety C)  self-actualization D)  personal E)  social Figure 5-6 -According to Figure 5-6 above, D defines what level in the Maslow hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological
B) safety
C) self-actualization
D) personal
E) social

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Casey's girlfriend will celebrate her birthday next week, so he needs to buy her a gift. He remembers the brand of watch that she wears and considers if she would like a new one by the same maker. This is an example of which part of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) recollection search
B) external search
C) evaluative criteria
D) antecedent states
E) internal search

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Would you agree or disagree with the following statement? "It's a lot cheaper and easier to keep existing customers than to try to find new ones." Explain your answer.

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Students should agree. Firms have begun ...

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Among the three major racial/ethnic subcultures in the United States, African Americans rank as ________ in terms of spending power.


A) the largest
B) the second largest
C) the third largest
D) about equal with Hispanics
E) about equal with Asian Americans

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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VALS groups of consumers motivated by ________ are those who are guided by knowledge and principle.


A) ideals
B) achievement
C) self-expression
D) rewards
E) success

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Evaluative criteria refer to


A) the objective and subjective attributes of a brand consumers use to compare different products and brands.
B) those attributes of a brand that are based exclusively on objective criteria in order to make an unbiased purchase decision.
C) those attributes of a brand that are based exclusively on subjective criteria in order to avoid postpurchase anxiety.
D) the attributes of a product that a manufacturer wishes to promote to a specific target market.
E) a list of required product attributes from which a customer will not waver regardless of additional incentives.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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At the ________ of the consumer purchase decision process, a consumer compares the product with his or her expectations and is either satisfied or dissatisfied.


A) problem recognition stage
B) information search stage
C) alternative evaluation stage
D) purchase decision stage
E) postpurchase stage

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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________ would be considered marketer-dominated source of information discovered during an external search during the purchase decision process.


A) Personal experience
B) A salesperson
C) A Federal Trade Commission report
D) A coworker
E) Consumer Reports magazine

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Interpreting information so that it is consistent with one's attitudes and beliefs is referred to as


A) selective retention.
B) selective comprehension.
C) selective exposure.
D) selective analysis.
E) stimulus discrimination.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Many large companies use which metric to track the likelihood of their current customers engaging in positive and negative word of mouth behavior?


A) Customer Lifetime Value
B) Net Promoter Score
C) Sales per square foot
D) Market share
E) Unit sales

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The tendency to pay attention to messages consistent with one's attitudes and beliefs and to ignore messages that are inconsistent with them is referred to as


A) selective retention.
B) selective comprehension.
C) selective exposure.
D) selective perception.
E) stimulus discrimination.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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In the VALS framework, consumers motivated by achievement look for products and services that demonstrate success to their peers or to a peer group they aspire to. One segment of the two achievement-motivated groups, known as ________, have high resources and a me-first, my family-first attitude. They are successful and work-oriented.


A) Experiencers
B) Believers
C) Makers
D) Achievers
E) Thinkers

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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An ad for Brink's Home Security shows a woman using her treadmill, unaware that would-be robbers are just outside. They break down the front door, are startled by a loud alarm, and then run away. The woman answers an immediate call from the security company, and a representative reassures her that help is on the way. The ad is intended to appeal to which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological needs
B) safety needs
C) social needs
D) personal needs
E) self-actualization needs

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Marketers recognize that people have an actual self-concept and


A) a persona determined by their peers.
B) a persona determined by psychology.
C) an abstract self-concept.
D) an ideal self-concept.
E) a deconstructed self-concept.

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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