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Some automobile dealerships employ a nonnegotiable or no-haggle price strategy to sell their cars. A customer who wants to buy a new or used car would pay the posted price. These dealers probably adopt this pricing policy because


A) the industry is discussing the abandonment of self-regulation practices.
B) women have an intense dislike of price negotiation, yet still want to buy a car.
C) many recent immigrants into the United States are not accustomed to negotiation.
D) women distrust men in general and car salesmen in particular.
E) a slow-growing economy guarantees that negotiations would produce negative profit per vehicle.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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The process of seeing or hearing messages without being aware of them is called


A) selective retention.
B) subliminal perception.
C) selective perception.
D) selective attention.
E) indifference.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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In the VALS framework, each consumer segment exhibits unique media preferences. Which segment is most likely to view outdoor advertising?


A) Strivers
B) Experiencers
C) Believers
D) Survivors
E) Makers

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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During the consumer purchase decision process, an individual at the ________ stage will perceive differences between his or her ideal and actual situations big enough to trigger a decision.


A) problem recognition
B) alternative evaluation
C) cognitive dissonance
D) information search
E) postpurchase behavior

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about the family life cycle is most accurate?


A) The majority of households today are composed of traditional families.
B) Income and gender are two of the variables considered in the family life cycle.
C) Young singles represent a target market for recreational travel, automobiles, and consumer electronics.
D) Singles with no children are more likely to buy life insurance than any other group.
E) The most financially secure group of any family life cycle stage is single parents with children.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The concept that consists of the distinct phases that a family progresses through from formation to retirement, each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors, is referred to as the


A) family scale.
B) family life cycle.
C) family continuum.
D) household socialization.
E) household patterning.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Firms such as GM and Frito-Lay have learned which of the following marketing lessons?


A) It is a lot easier to find new customers than to retain existing ones.
B) According to research, it is equally costly to acquire new customers and retain existing ones.
C) Existing customers do not spend as much as new customers since the former like the old products rather than the new ones new customers like.
D) The buying experience, customer satisfaction, and customer retention can increase a firm's profits.
E) Unless a marketing promotion to retain customer loyalty can increase market share by at least 5 percent, it is not worth the expenditure.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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When General Mills repeatedly advertises that a cake baked from a Betty Crocker mix tastes just like homemade, it is influencing which type of learning?


A) stimulus discrimination
B) brand loyalty
C) cognitive learning
D) stimulus generalization
E) behavioral learning

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The objective and subjective attributes of a brand that consumers use to compare different products and brands are referred to as


A) temporal states.
B) antecedent states.
C) information sources.
D) evaluative criteria.
E) the consideration set.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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An American Express advertising claim that "membership has its privileges" creates which type of reference group?


A) aspiration group
B) dissociative group
C) assimilation group
D) integrated group
E) associative group

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Today, 31 percent of ________ are the primary grocery shoppers in their households, though they may not be the grocery decision makers.


A) teenagers
B) extended family members
C) paid help
D) children of any age
E) men

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Beliefs refer to


A) a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
B) a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.
C) the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.
D) a consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes.
E) the moral and ethical precepts that guide a person's behavior.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Firms such as General Electric, Johnson & Johnson, Coca-Cola, and British Airways focus their attention on ________ to maximize customer satisfaction and retention in part by offering training to handle complaints, answer questions, and solve consumer problems.


A) value perception
B) postpurchase behavior
C) noncompetitive pricing
D) comparison pricing
E) prepurchase behavior

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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For Coppertone products, form (lotion vs. spray) , SPF level, and price are the most common


A) consideration set.
B) perceived risks.
C) situational influences.
D) marketing mix influences.
E) evaluative criteria.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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You need to buy a gift for a young cousin's birthday. You go to the mall and see a girl wearing a Hello Kitty T-shirt. You remember there is a store in the mall with a lot of Hello Kitty merchandise so you go there and buy a little backpack. When you give it to your cousin, she is very excited. In terms of behavioral learning, seeing the girl with the Hello Kitty shirt was a


A) drive.
B) reinforcement.
C) cue.
D) response.
E) prompt.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Subgroups within the larger, or national, culture with unique values, ideas, and attitudes are referred to as


A) reference groups.
B) families.
C) social classes.
D) subcultures.
E) normative groups.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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In the VALS framework, consumers motivated by achievement look for products and services that demonstrate success to their peers or a group to which they aspire. A segment of the achievement-motivated groups, known as ________, have low resources and live in the moment. Although they would like to better their lives, they have difficulty doing so.


A) Strivers
B) Experiencers
C) Believers
D) Makers
E) Survivors

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A Net Promoter Score is determined by subtracting the percentage of ________ from the percentage of promoters among your current customers.


A) complainers
B) passives
C) repurchasers
D) detractors
E) recommenders

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Scanning your memory for previous experiences with products or brands is called


A) problem recognition.
B) alternative evaluation.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) internal search.
E) external search.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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If McNeil Consumer Healthcare uses the same brand name for different products such as Tylenol Cold & Flu and Tylenol P.M. based on behavioral learning theory, this strategy is an example of


A) stimulus generalization.
B) selective comprehension.
C) selective retention.
D) stimulus discrimination.
E) routine problem solving.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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