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The Better Business Bureau (BBB) tries to use ________ to get its members to comply with its standards of business conduct.


A) the FTC
B) industry trade associations
C) moral suasion
D) the courts
E) competitors

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Demographics refer to


A) the depiction of a population according to its core values or cultural beliefs and their rate of change.
B) an objective measurement of a person's likelihood to purchase a product or service.
C) the psychological profile of prospective consumers.
D) the density of a population in a geographic area.
E) the description of a population according to selected characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, income, and occupation.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Leigh and Rob prepared a household budget in an attempt to manage their money better. They prepared the following list: Monthly income (after taxes) = $4,500; Monthly expenses (necessities) , which include rent, $550; auto loan, $250; student loan, $200; savings, $500; food, $200 = $1,700; Amount left over = $2,800 (income less necessary expenses) . The remaining $2,800 is their


A) gross income.
B) personal income.
C) disposable income.
D) discretionary income.
E) profit.

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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If taxes rise at a faster rate than incomes, consumers will


A) have less disposable income and try to economize.
B) feel more confident in the government and therefore spend more money.
C) use cash for purchases such as a vacation.
D) recognize that it is the perfect opportunity to buy a car or other expensive products on credit.
E) react by voting for all incumbent members of Congress.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The money a consumer has left after paying taxes to use for necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and transportation is referred to as


A) net income.
B) disposable income.
C) discretionary income.
D) household income.
E) gross income.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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During a recessionary period, which of the following economic behaviors would be expected?


A) Consumer spending would increase.
B) The use of credit would decline.
C) Taxes would increase nationally.
D) Property values would jump dramatically.
E) Consumers would use the majority of their discretionary income on groceries.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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As the director of marketing for a local hospital that specializes in caring for limited mobility patients and related health issues, you must conduct an environmental scan to help create a five-year marketing plan for the hospital. Which of the following environmental trends should you consider to be the most important?


A) The number of people in the geographic area who are 65 years or older will increase by 23 percent during the next five years.
B) Millennials are becoming increasingly important in the workplace.
C) The local community has seen a rise in dual-income households.
D) By the year 2025, robotics will play a major role in surgical procedures.
E) Twenty percent of the local population is of Hispanic origin, but that number is expected to grow during the next decade.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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A statistical area of at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more people and adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration is referred to as a


A) micropolitan statistical area.
B) metropolitan statistical area.
C) downtown statistical area.
D) zip code.
E) combined statistical area.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Volkswagen opened a large plant in Chattanooga, TN, in 2011. Within a few years, VW spurred more than 12,400 direct and indirect jobs in the area. The carmaker generates income of over $600 million there annually and boosts state and local tax revenues by over $50 million a year. A huge expansion was announced in 2016 that would nearly double its operations in Tennessee. This example best illustrates __________ change that has impacted the people and businesses of Chattanooga.


A) a regulatory
B) a competitive
C) an economic
D) a social
E) a technological

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Explain marketspace and electronic commerce and their relevance for marketing.

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Technology has also had a dramatic impac...

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Disposable income refers to


A) the money that remains before paying for taxes and necessities.
B) the money deducted from a person's paycheck to pay for federal, state, and local taxes.
C) the total amount of money made by a single individual during his or her lifetime.
D) the money a consumer has left after paying taxes to use for necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and transportation.
E) the money that is spent for necessities or charitable causes that is exempt from taxation.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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One of the problems associated with self-regulation is


A) the lack of a written code of ethics by firms in the industry.
B) the intrusive enforcement by the FTC.
C) the opportunity corporate for espionage by competitors.
D) the absence of an industry association with persuasive power.
E) enforcement.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The change in the growth of the world's population is called the


A) population contraction.
B) population inversion.
C) population migration.
D) population explosion.
E) population eruption.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Which generational cohort is often referred to as the echo-boom? Describe the interests and lifestyles of this cohort and explain why it is important to marketers.

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The generational cohort labeled Generati...

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Publishers were surprised by the dramatic success of the book Fifty Shades of Gray and believe that it would likely generate a fresh cycle of female-targeted romances packaged for the mainstream reader. This is an example of a(n) ________ force impacting the marketing environment.


A) economic
B) competitive
C) technological
D) social
E) regulatory

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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By 2030, the U.S. population is expected to exceed


A) 173 million.
B) 224 million.
C) 293 million.
D) 355 million.
E) 414 million.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following legislative actions created a government entity to monitor business practices and stop unfair ones such as misleading promotions?


A) Robinson-Patman Act
B) Consumer Product Safety Act
C) Lanham Act
D) Federal Trade Commission Act
E) Fair Packaging and Labeling Act

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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Over the past decade the number of people who attended music concerts, plays, and other live entertainment increased because they had the ________ to enjoy these activities.


A) gross income
B) bonus income
C) profit
D) disposable income
E) discretionary income

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Generation X


A) is the least healthy generation since the 1940s.
B) accounts for the smallest percentage of consumer spending among the cohorts.
C) spends the most on online shopping.
D) is notable for its interest in distinctive, memorable, and personal experiences.
E) is a label often used synonymously with the term "millennials."

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Recently, ink has been developed that will conduct electricity. The application for this ink is to print circuitry that can be read electronically. This may help to drive down the cost of radio frequency (RFID) tags that are currently used in industry. This is an example of how ________ forces are applied to industry.


A) ecological
B) regulatory
C) technological
D) competitive
E) marketing mix

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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