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The sum of the expenses of a firm that is stable and does not change with the quantity of the product that is produced and sold is referred to as


A) fixed cost.
B) total cost.
C) variable cost.
D) sunk cost.
E) overhead cost.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Some firms pursue a ________ pricing objective, perhaps using discounting to generate cash to stave off bankruptcy.


A) market share
B) survival
C) sales revenue
D) single product line
E) profit

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Factors that determine consumers' willingness and ability to pay for products and services are referred to as


A) supply factors.
B) demand factors.
C) affordability factors.
D) elasticity factors.
E) macro environmental factors.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Companies are reluctant to lower their selling prices because this lowers the ________ and even more sharply increases the ________.


A) variable cost; profit
B) contribution margin; break-even point
C) revenue; fixed costs
D) profit; fixed costs
E) fixed cost; variable costs

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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Distinguish between elastic demand and inelastic demand.

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Elastic demand exists when a 1 percent d...

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If the CEO of the Clorox Co. were to say, "We want to control 40 percent of the household bleach category within the next five years," he would have set a ________ pricing objective.


A) profit
B) sales
C) unit volume
D) market share
E) social responsibility

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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If you know the contents and price of a McDonald's Extra Value Meal, it may serve as ________ to you when you visit other fast-food restaurants and consider the purchase of a meal option there.


A) a marginal analysis
B) a profit equation
C) a reference value
D) a break-even analysis
E) price elasticity of demand

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Which lists the types of competitive markets from most competitive to least competitive?


A) monopolistic competition, pure monopoly, pure competition, and oligopoly
B) pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and pure monopoly
C) pure competition, monopolistic competition, pure monopoly, and oligopoly
D) oligopoly, pure competition, monopolistic competition, and pure monopoly
E) pure monopoly, pure competition, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Demand for a product is likely to be more price elastic if it


A) is considered a necessity.
B) has many substitutes.
C) is at the mature stage of the product life cycle.
D) requires a small cash outlay.
E) is nondiscretionary.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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The break-even point (BEP) = [Fixed cost รท (________ โˆ’ Unit variable cost) ].


A) Total cost
B) Total expense
C) Fixed cost
D) Unit variable cost
E) Unit price

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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An oligopoly is a competitive market situation in which


A) many sellers follow market price for identical, commodity products.
B) one seller sets the price for a unique product.
C) few sellers compete, and are sensitive to one another's prices.
D) many sellers compete on nonprice factors.
E) one or few sellers compete solely on nonprice factors.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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  Figure 13-7B -In the break-even chart in Figure 13-7 above, the line CG represents the firm's A)  fixed costs. B)  break-even point. C)  variable costs. D)  profit. E)  total revenue. Figure 13-7B -In the break-even chart in Figure 13-7 above, the line CG represents the firm's


A) fixed costs.
B) break-even point.
C) variable costs.
D) profit.
E) total revenue.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Describe the types of competitive markets and give an example of each one.

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There are four types of competitive mark...

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While pricing objectives frequently reflect corporate goals, pricing constraints often relate to


A) stockholder demands.
B) political ideology.
C) conditions existing in the marketplace.
D) an organization's code of ethics.
E) the financial realities within the organization itself.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A company that manages apartments decides to buy 15 new dishwashers at a list price of $550 each as replacements for old dishwashers in a small apartment complex it owns. Because the company is buying more than 10 dishwashers, it is eligible for a $150-per-unit quantity discount. Financing charges total $20 per unit. The company gets $10 per dishwasher for the 15 dishwashers traded in. What is the final price the company will pay for each dishwasher?


A) $390
B) $400
C) $410
D) $430
E) $730

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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If a firm finds the demand for one of its products is inelastic, it can increase its total revenues by


A) lowering its price.
B) increasing fixed costs only.
C) increasing variable costs only.
D) increasing both fixed and variable costs.
E) raising its price.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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According to the price equation, final price equals list price minus ________ plus extra fees.


A) profits
B) commissions
C) trade-ins
D) taxes
E) allowances

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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  Figure 13-4B -A shift of the demand curve from D2to D3in Figure 13-4B above indicates A)  fewer units are demanded at the given price. B)  more units are demanded at the given price. C)  the price has decreased. D)  the price has increased. E)  there is not enough information given to indicate what happened. Figure 13-4B -A shift of the demand curve from D2to D3in Figure 13-4B above indicates


A) fewer units are demanded at the given price.
B) more units are demanded at the given price.
C) the price has decreased.
D) the price has increased.
E) there is not enough information given to indicate what happened.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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From a marketing viewpoint, ________ is the money or other considerations (including other products and services) exchanged for the ownership or use of a product or service.


A) value
B) price
C) barter
D) currency
E) a tariff

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Economists have identified four types of competitive markets: pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and


A) pure competition.
B) government-dominated.
C) capitalist.
D) socialist.
E) communist.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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