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For more than 30 years, Starkist put 6.5 ounces of tuna into its regular-sized can. Today, Starkist puts only 6.125 ounces of tuna into the same-size can but charges the same price. Georgia-Pacific reduced the content of its Brawny paper towel six-roll pack by 20 percent without lowering the price. There are two sides to the ethical argument about this practice: that of consumer advocates and that of manufacturers. What is the practice called, and what is the basic position of each side?

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The practice is called downsizing, which...

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The time a product can be stored before it spoils is referred to as its


A) product life cycle.
B) use-by date.
C) spoilage index.
D) shelf life.
E) expiration date.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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One of the primary benefits of branding for consumers is that branding


A) identifies products of highest quality.
B) guarantees lowest prices.
C) makes decision making easier for consumers.
D) indicates that products have more or newer features.
E) makes advertising and other promotion unnecessary.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Combining a corporate or family brand with a new brand to distinguish a part of its product line from others is referred to as


A) subbranding.
B) multibranding.
C) mixed branding.
D) private branding.
E) family branding.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The communication aspect of packaging on a can of Campbell's soup would most likely be of the greatest benefit to


A) people rushing to get somewhere.
B) people on a tight budget.
C) people with dietary restrictions.
D) people who are brand loyal.
E) people who love to try new things.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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When the Egg Farmers of Canada implemented its "Get Cracking" advertising campaign, the organization was trying to stimulate ________ demand.


A) secondary
B) selective
C) derived
D) generic
E) primary

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Gatorade offers a range of product offerings. The firm uses one name for all its products in a product class. Gatorade is using a ________ strategy.


A) multibranding
B) family branding
C) co-branding
D) dual branding
E) mixed branding

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Explain the difference between trading up and trading down when repositioning a product.

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Often a company decides to reposition it...

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As product adopters in the diffusion of innovation, members of the late majority


A) have a fear of debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome, higher educated, and use multiple information sources.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Thirty years ago, the Mississippi Gulf Coast was a nice place to vacation with a white sandy beach, golfing opportunities, resort hotels, and good seafood restaurants. With the addition of casinos, the Gulf Coast improved its odds of being a tourist destination for more travelers. This is an example of a ________ strategy.


A) market-product grid
B) diversification
C) product modification
D) market modification
E) product repositioning

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following is a characteristic of the growth stage of the product life cycle?


A) Advertising emphasis switches to primary demand.
B) The proportion of repeat purchasers to initial purchasers grows.
C) The number of distribution outlets shrinks due to growing inefficiencies.
D) Profit margins increase as sales increase.
E) Product features remain consistent to maximize profits.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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  Figure 11-1 -Figure 11-1 above represents the stages of the product life cycle. What does the section of the graph labeled A represent? A)  introduction B)  launch C)  growth D)  inception E)  decline Figure 11-1 -Figure 11-1 above represents the stages of the product life cycle. What does the section of the graph labeled A represent?


A) introduction
B) launch
C) growth
D) inception
E) decline

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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If a customer is reluctant to try a new product because he'd have to change his normal everyday behaviors, the product is facing a ________ barrier.


A) usage
B) risk
C) value
D) financial
E) psychological

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Apple introduced the iPhone and iPad with multitouch screens, as well as the Magic Trackpad, also a multitouch device. These devices require consumers to use gestures (touch, swipe, tap, etc.) to perform various functions. This could make the mouse, a device Apple invented in 1977 for its Apple II, obsolete. With the emergence of multitouch technologies, the mouse most likely is now in the ________ stage of its product life cycle.


A) deletion
B) cancellation
C) decline
D) maturity
E) harvesting

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Products that are introduced, decline, and seem to return have a ________ product life cycle.


A) high-learning
B) low-learning
C) fashion
D) fad
E) generalized

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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When Wendy's wants to increase the value of its Dave's Hot 'N Juicy cheeseburger to its customers, it combines complementary items (French fries and a soft drink) to expedite the ordering process and provide a complete meal. This product modification approach is called


A) a BOGO deal.
B) product modification.
C) product repositioning.
D) product differentiation.
E) product bundling.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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In terms of the diffusion of innovation, early adopters account for ________ percent of product adopters.


A) 2.5
B) 13.5
C) 16
D) 34
E) 50

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of these is a product modification strategy?


A) creating new advertising for a product
B) improving a product's quality
C) finding a new target market for a product
D) creating a new use situation for a product
E) altering a product's distribution

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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New product brands introduced as defensive moves to counteract and confront a firm's competition are referred to as


A) co-brands.
B) private brands.
C) fighting brands.
D) brand extensions.
E) subbrands.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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A strategy of harvesting may be employed in the decline stage of a product life to


A) maintain primary demand for a product category.
B) acquire as many new customers as possible.
C) maintain the ability to meet ongoing customers' requests.
D) eliminate all production costs.
E) reposition the product.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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