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There is no set time that a product takes to move through its life cycle. But as a rule,


A) services are highly affected by social trends while tangible goods are not.
B) consumer products have shorter life cycles than business products.
C) business products typically show very short maturity stages.
D) technological change tends to lengthen product life cycles.
E) product life cycles are longer for ideas than for services.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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If a customer is reluctant to try a new product because she's afraid it might make her ill, the product is most likely facing ________ barrier.


A) a usage
B) a risk
C) a value
D) an emotional
E) a psychological

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Three important aspects of product life cycles are their length, the shape of their sales curves, and


A) the propensity for consumers to switch brands.
B) the difference between product classes and forms.
C) the impact of word-of-mouth.
D) whether competitors create rival offerings.
E) how environmental forces change the environment.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The fourth and final step in the sequential process of building brand equity is to


A) develop positive brand awareness.
B) establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers.
C) elicit the proper consumer responses to a brands identity and meaning.
D) create an intense, active, and loyal consumer-brand connection.
E) reward loyal customer behavior.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Mixed branding refers to a branding strategy in which a firm


A) gives each product a distinct name when each brand is intended for a different market segment.
B) uses different brand names for the same product across multiple countries.
C) uses one name for all its products in a product class.
D) produces products but sell them under the brand name of a wholesaler or retailer.
E) markets some products under its own name(s) and other products under the name of a reseller because the segment attracted to the reseller is different from its own market.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Gatorade is most likely in which stage of its product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) acceleration

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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  Figure 11-1 -Figure 11-1 above represents the stages of the product life cycle. What does the section of the graph labeled B represent? A)  progression B)  maturity C)  growth D)  accelerated development E)  decline Figure 11-1 -Figure 11-1 above represents the stages of the product life cycle. What does the section of the graph labeled B represent?


A) progression
B) maturity
C) growth
D) accelerated development
E) decline

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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  Figure 11-5 -The consumers represented by Segment D in Figure 11-5 above are called A)  early adopters. B)  late majority. C)  laggards. D)  early majority. E)  innovators. Figure 11-5 -The consumers represented by Segment D in Figure 11-5 above are called


A) early adopters.
B) late majority.
C) laggards.
D) early majority.
E) innovators.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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What is the marketing objective for the decline stage of the product life cycle?


A) start harvesting
B) add outlets
C) stress differentiation
D) gain awareness
E) maintain brand loyalty

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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  Figure 11-6 -Figure 11-6 above shows the sequential process of building brand equity. F represents the fourth and last step, which is to A)  elicit the proper consumer responses to a brand's identity and meaning. B)  develop positive brand awareness. C)  reward loyal customer behavior. D)  establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers. E)  create a consumer-brand connection. Figure 11-6 -Figure 11-6 above shows the sequential process of building brand equity. F represents the fourth and last step, which is to


A) elicit the proper consumer responses to a brand's identity and meaning.
B) develop positive brand awareness.
C) reward loyal customer behavior.
D) establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers.
E) create a consumer-brand connection.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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  Figure 11-7 -Companies can employ several different branding strategies. In Figure 11-7 above, B represents a ________ strategy. A)  retailer branding B)  multiproduct branding C)  multibranding D)  private branding E)  mixed branding Figure 11-7 -Companies can employ several different branding strategies. In Figure 11-7 above, B represents a ________ strategy.


A) retailer branding
B) multiproduct branding
C) multibranding
D) private branding
E) mixed branding

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Many U.S. consumers purchase store brands like Kirkland at Costco because they provide a lower cost alternative to other brands. Companies like Costco use a ________ strategy to sell products that they do not manufacturer themselves.


A) generic branding
B) multibranding
C) co-branding
D) multiproduct branding
E) private branding

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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When Coca-Cola promoted Coke as a morning beverage for those consumers who don't drink coffee, it used a ________ strategy.


A) product modification
B) brand modification
C) market-product extension
D) diversification
E) market modification

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following quotes from a new-product adopter would signal the need for a firm to counteract a psychological barrier?


A) "I feel self-conscious wearing this."
B) "What if I can't make the monthly payments?"
C) "I don't want to try this if it means I have to swallow it with milk."
D) "It looks just like the old version."
E) "Sure I'll try it; why not!"

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following statements about perceptual benefits conveyed by a product's packaging and labeling is false?


A) Packaging and labeling convey a brand's positioning and build brand equity.
B) Packaging and labeling have been shown to enhance brand recognition and facilitate the formation of strong, favorable, and unique brand associations.
C) The legal requirements for the conveyance of information are an important component of perceptual benefits.
D) Changes in packaging and labeling can update or uphold a brand's image in consumers' minds.
E) The color, shape, and graphics of a package or label can help distinguish one brand from another.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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Customer value can assume numerous forms. For Pez Candy, Inc., customer value manifests itself in the form of


A) an upbeat jingle.
B) character candy dispensers.
C) a stylish logotype.
D) sour taste.
E) sugar coating.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Hot-Can Café Latte coffee comes in single-serving, self-heating containers. Not only does this benefit people on the go, it is a popular product with backpackers and hunters because they can still have hot coffee when there is no electricity - no heat source necessary! This demonstrates which benefit of good packaging?


A) communication benefit
B) perceptual benefit
C) financial benefit
D) societal benefit
E) functional benefit

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Your product has been suffering from steadily eroding sales. You have tried a number of options to revitalize the product's sales and profits, but after seven changes in your strategy, you have yet to find success. Which of the following actions would be the least appropriate next step?


A) Delete the product from the line.
B) Retain the product, but reduce its marketing costs.
C) Stimulate primary demand.
D) Stimulate selective demand.
E) Rebrand the product.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Define brand equity. List the four sequential steps used to develop brand equity. Which step is the most difficult?

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Brand equity is the added value a brand ...

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Reducing the number of features, qualities, or price when repositioning a product is referred to as


A) product paring.
B) down trading.
C) product deflation.
D) trading down.
E) product simplification.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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