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Pain from false labor contractions tends to be more localized to the ________ abdomen than that experienced from contractions of true labor.


A) upper
B) lower

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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Increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and corticosteroids result in increased insulin resistance during pregnancy.

A) True
B) False

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The maturation that occurs within the pre-embryonic and embryonic periods is known as ________.

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Define postpartum depression and describe what hormonal situation might be related to this condition.

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Postpartum depression is extre...

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During the dilation stage, the cervix expands and becomes thinner. This stage ends once the cervix has fully dilated and ________ (thinned).

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Lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to most of the components of the cardiovascular system.

A) True
B) False

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Within the bilaminar germinal disc, the layer of columnar cells that is adjacent to the amniotic cavity is the ________ layer.

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Breast milk contains large amounts of vitamin D.

A) True
B) False

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The release of breast milk that occurs when a mother hears a crying child is called the milk ________ reflex.

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The third through eighth weeks of development are known as the ________ period.


A) fetal
B) pre-embryonic
C) embryonic
D) cleavage

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which part of the embryo develops into the kidneys?


A) Endoderm
B) Paraxial mesoderm
C) Notochord
D) Intermediate mesoderm

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Cleavage involves a series of ________ divisions and ________ in the overall size of the conceptus.


A) meiotic; an increase
B) meiotic; no change
C) meiotic; a decrease
D) mitotic; no change
E) mitotic; an increase

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Blocklike masses that form from paraxial mesoderm and develop into muscle, axial skeleton, cartilage, and dermis are known as ________.

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The germ layer between the ectoderm and the endoderm is the ________.

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Blood cells and antibodies pass freely across the placenta.

A) True
B) False

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What is the correct order of structures through which the sperm penetrates during fertilization?


A) Corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane, zona pellucida
B) Zona pellucida, corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane
C) Corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane
D) Zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane, corona radiata

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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During pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone from the placenta


A) stimulate FSH and LH secretion and thereby stimulate ovarian follicle development.
B) inhibit FSH and LH secretion and thereby arrest ovarian follicle development.
C) stimulate GnRH secretion and thereby inhibit overgrowth of the uterus.
D) inhibit release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and thereby prevent excessive stress responses.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Which structure develops directly into a bilaminar germinal disc?


A) Trophoblast
B) Embryoblast
C) Morula
D) Cytotrophoblast

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Presence of hCG in a woman's urine indicates that she is pregnant.

A) True
B) False

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The process by which the three primary germ layers are formed during the third week of development is known as ________.

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