Question 1

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H+ levels is to increase the activity of type

Accepted Answer

A)   A cells to secrete more bicarbonate.
B)   A cells to secrete less bicarbonate.
C)   B cells to secrete more bicarbonate.
D)   B cells to secrete less bicarbonate.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The hormone ANP causes systemic blood vessels to

Accepted Answer

A)   constrict, which raises blood pressure.
B)   constrict, which lowers blood pressure.
C)   dilate, which raises blood pressure.
D)   dilate, which lowers blood pressure.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Aerobic cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis reactions result in

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic water intake.
B)   preformed water intake.
C)   insensible water output.
D)   preformed water output.
E)   obligatory water output.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Emphysema causes a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane and thereby leads to respiratory

Accepted Answer

A)   acidosis.
B)   alkalosis.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 5

Renal failure would likely lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   volume depletion.
B)   hypotonicity.
C)   volume excess.
D)   hypertonic ascites.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

When NaCl is added to body fluids, it results in the addition of

Accepted Answer

A)   one solute particle per NaCl molecule and exerts an osmotic pressure equivalent to that of a nonelectrolyte.
B)   two solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts twice the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
C)   three solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts one-third the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
D)   one solute particle per NaCl molecule, but because it is uncharged it does not result in osmotic pressure.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Increases in secretion of the hormone ADH cause sodium concentration in the blood plasma to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase.
B)   stay at the same level.
C)   decrease.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 8

Imagine that an unprepared hiker goes for a long walk on a hot day and gets lost. He has no water, he is nervous, and he is sweating profusely. What effects will these conditions have on his endocrine system, and how will the hormones that are secreted influence his renal system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic stimulation (nervousness), l...

Question 9

When bicarbonate levels fall due to an accumulation of fixed acids in the body, the result is

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   insufficient respiration.
D)   respiratory acidosis.
E)   respiratory alkalosis.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Extreme hypotonic hydration can cause brain cells to swell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The stimulus that directly triggers release of ANP is

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased pressure detected by baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries.
B)   increased stretch of the heart atria.
C)   increased saltiness in the cerebrospinal fluid bathing the hypothalamus of the brain.
D)   increased saltiness of tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Impaired renal function within the elderly elevates their risk for acid-base imbalance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Fixed acid is regulated by the ________ through the absorption and elimination of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   kidney; bicarbonate and H+
B)   respiratory system; bicarbonate and H+
C)   kidney; carbonic acid
D)   respiratory system; carbonic acidE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

When compared to extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains

Accepted Answer

A)   more potassium and more negatively charged proteins.
B)   more potassium but fewer negatively charged proteins.
C)   less potassium but more negatively charged proteins.
D)   less potassium and less negatively charged proteins.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Both intracellular proteins (such as hemoglobin) and extracellular proteins (such as plasma proteins) can act as chemical buffers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Aldosterone causes kidney tubules to

Accepted Answer

A)   reabsorb more sodium, water, and potassium.
B)   reabsorb more sodium and water, and secrete more potassium.
C)   reabsorb more sodium, and secret more water and potassium.
D)   secrete more sodium, water, and potassium.
E)   secrete more sodium and reabsorb more potassium.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

How are sodium levels and blood pressure related?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased plasma sodium levels decrease water retention, decrease blood volume, and increase blood pressure.
B)   Decreased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, increase blood volume, and decrease blood pressure.
C)   Increased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, blood volume, and blood pressure.
D)   Decreased plasma sodium levels decrease water retention, increase blood volume, and increase blood pressure.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

High levels of ADH cause

Accepted Answer

A)   vasoconstriction and therefore increases in blood pressure.
B)   vasoconstriction and therefore decreases in blood pressure.
C)   vasodilation and therefore increases in blood pressure.
D)   vasodilation and therefore decreases in blood pressure.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase.
B)   decrease.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 20

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

Increases in secretion of the hormone ADH cause sodium concentration in the blood plasma to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emphysema causes a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane and thereby leads to respiratory

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus that directly triggers release of ANP is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Impaired renal function within the elderly elevates their risk for acid-base imbalance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are sodium levels and blood pressure related?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When NaCl is added to body fluids, it results in the addition of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone ANP causes systemic blood vessels to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High levels of ADH cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone causes kidney tubules to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that an unprepared hiker goes for a long walk on a hot day and gets lost. He has no water, he is nervous, and he is sweating profusely. What effects will these conditions have on his endocrine system, and how will the hormones that are secreted influence his renal system?

Correct AnswerverifiedSympathetic stimulation (nervousness), l...View AnswerShow Answer

Fixed acid is regulated by the ________ through the absorption and elimination of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extreme hypotonic hydration can cause brain cells to swell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal failure would likely lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both intracellular proteins (such as hemoglobin) and extracellular proteins (such as plasma proteins) can act as chemical buffers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When bicarbonate levels fall due to an accumulation of fixed acids in the body, the result is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H+ levels is to increase the activity of type

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aerobic cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis reactions result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When compared to extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Sympathetic stimulation (nervousness), l...
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Fixed acid is regulated by the through the absorption and elimination of .

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Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H⁺ levels is to increase the activity of type

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