Question 1

Generally, a very ________ percent of Na+ in the tubular fluid is reabsorbed, and the reabsorption takes place ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   high; only in the nephron loop
B)   high; along the entire tubule
C)   small; only in the nephron loop
D)   small; along the entire tubuleE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Normal urine has a specific gravity that is ________ than the specific gravity of pure water; dehydration leads to a ________ in the specific gravity of urine.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher; increase
B)   higher; decrease
C)   lower; decrease
D)   lower; increaseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Substances that move through epithelial cells for reabsorption are said to undergo transcellular transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Autonomic innervation of the kidney includes

Accepted Answer

A)   Cranial Nerve V and sympathetic nerves from T1-T2.
B)   Cranial Nerve V and sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.
C)   Cranial Nerve X and sympathetic nerves from T1-T2.
D)   Cranial Nerve X and sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B) D

Question 5

Fluid contained within the lumen of a nephron loop is called

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma.
B)   tubular fluid.
C)   filtrate.
D)   urine.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which layer is not found in the wall of the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adventitia
B)   Muscularis
C)   Mucosa
D)   SubmucosaE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The proximal convoluted tubule is lined with a

Accepted Answer

A)   cuboidal epithelium with a large surface area.
B)   simple columnar epithelium with a slick smooth surface.
C)   stratified squamous epithelium with a large surface area.
D)   stratified squamous epithelium with a tough, durable surface.
E)   simple squamous endothelium that makes a slick surface.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D) A

Question 8

Sympathetic fibers inhibit micturition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bladder, urethra, kidney, ureter
B)   Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
C)   Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter
D)   Kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra
E)   Urethra, bladder, kidney, ureterF) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Fluid contained within a minor calyx is called urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The higher the concentration of a substance in the blood, the greater its transport maximum is.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many flagella.
B)   proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.
C)   distal convoluted tubule, where cells have many flagella.
D)   distal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D) B

Question 13

The basement membrane of the glomerulus is composed of glycoproteins and ________, and it restricts the passage of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   phospholipids; plasma ions
B)   phospholipids; plasma proteins
C)   proteoglycans; plasma ions
D)   proteoglycans; plasma proteinsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

From innermost to outermost, the protective layers on the kidney are the

Accepted Answer

A)   fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat.
B)   renal corpuscle, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat.
C)   renal fascia, paranephric fat, renal corpuscle, perinephric fat.
D)   renal fascia, perinephric fat, fibrous capsule, paranephric fat.
E)   fibrous capsule, paranephric fat, renal fascia, perinephric fat.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 15

Peptides such as angiotensin are reabsorbed by means of phagocytosis by tubule wall cells. The peptide is then transported back to the blood as a functional molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

ANP is a hormone that causes

Accepted Answer

A)   constriction of the afferent arterioles and release of renin.
B)   constriction of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release.
C)   dilation of the afferent arterioles and release of renin.
D)   dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Sympathetic axons innervate the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Someone with a diet that is high in vegetables but low in animal protein is likely to have very active

Accepted Answer

A)   type A cells, which secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+.
B)   type A cells, which reabsorb HCO3- and secrete H+.
C)   type B cells, which secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+.
D)   type B cells, which reabsorb HCO3- and secrete H+.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Urine passes from the renal papilla into a

Accepted Answer

A)   major calyx, then to a minor calyx, then to a ureter.
B)   minor calyx, then to a major calyx, then to the renal pelvis.
C)   ureter, then to a minor calyx, then to a major calyx.
D)   renal pelvis, then to a major calyx, then to a ureter.
E)   collecting duct, then to a minor calyx, then to a major calyx.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

To measure GFR, an individual's urine is examined for the concentration of a test substance that they received by injection. How is that test substance treated by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is filtered, reabsorbed, and excreted, but it is not secreted.
B)   It is neither filtered nor reabsorbed, but it is secreted.
C)   It is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
D)   It is filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed.
E)   It is not filtered, but it is secreted and reabsorbed.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 24: Urinary System

Generally, a very ________ percent of Na+ in the tubular fluid is reabsorbed, and the reabsorption takes place ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal urine has a specific gravity that is ________ than the specific gravity of pure water; dehydration leads to a ________ in the specific gravity of urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substances that move through epithelial cells for reabsorption are said to undergo transcellular transport.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Autonomic innervation of the kidney includes

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Fluid contained within the lumen of a nephron loop is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which layer is not found in the wall of the ureter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule is lined with a

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Sympathetic fibers inhibit micturition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid contained within a minor calyx is called urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The higher the concentration of a substance in the blood, the greater its transport maximum is.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The basement membrane of the glomerulus is composed of glycoproteins and ________, and it restricts the passage of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From innermost to outermost, the protective layers on the kidney are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peptides such as angiotensin are reabsorbed by means of phagocytosis by tubule wall cells. The peptide is then transported back to the blood as a functional molecule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ANP is a hormone that causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic axons innervate the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Someone with a diet that is high in vegetables but low in animal protein is likely to have very active

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine passes from the renal papilla into a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To measure GFR, an individual's urine is examined for the concentration of a test substance that they received by injection. How is that test substance treated by the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Generally, a very percent of Na⁺ in the tubular fluid is reabsorbed, and the reabsorption takes place .

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Normal urine has a specific gravity that is than the specific gravity of pure water; dehydration leads to a in the specific gravity of urine.

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D

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A

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B

The basement membrane of the glomerulus is composed of glycoproteins and , and it restricts the passage of .

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